传送门:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=6333
题意:
T次询问,每次询问n个苹果中最多拿m个苹果的方法数
题解:
因为T为1e5,所以直接做时间复杂度会很高,所以我们因为每次询问可以离线下来,我们考虑莫队算法
首先这个题可以看作求
[sum_{i=0}^mC_n^i\
令S(n,m)为sum_{i=0}^mC_n^i\
可以得到公式\
S(n,m)=S(n,m-1)+C_n^m\
S(n,m)=S(n,m=1)-C_n^m+1\
S(n,m)=2*S(n-1,m)-C_{n-1}^m\
S(n,m)=frac{S(n+1,m)+C_n^m}{2}
]
根据这个公式我们就可以用莫队
[Tsqrt {len}就过了
]
代码:
/**
* ┏┓ ┏┓
* ┏┛┗━━━━━━━┛┗━━━┓
* ┃ ┃
* ┃ ━ ┃
* ┃ > < ┃
* ┃ ┃
* ┃... ⌒ ... ┃
* ┃ ┃
* ┗━┓ ┏━┛
* ┃ ┃ Code is far away from bug with the animal protecting
* ┃ ┃ 神兽保佑,代码无bug
* ┃ ┃
* ┃ ┃
* ┃ ┃
* ┃ ┃
* ┃ ┗━━━┓
* ┃ ┣┓
* ┃ ┏┛
* ┗┓┓┏━┳┓┏┛
* ┃┫┫ ┃┫┫
* ┗┻┛ ┗┻┛
*/
// warm heart, wagging tail,and a smile just for you!
//
// _ooOoo_
// o8888888o
// 88" . "88
// (| -_- |)
// O = /O
// ____/`---'\____
// .' | |// `.
// / ||| : |||//
// / _||||| -:- |||||-
// | | \ - /// | |
// | \_| ''---/'' | |
// .-\__ `-` ___/-. /
// ___`. .' /--.-- `. . __
// ."" '< `.___\_<|>_/___.' >'"".
// | | : `- \`.;` _ /`;.`/ - ` : | |
// `-. \_ __ /__ _/ .-` / /
// ======`-.____`-.___\_____/___.-`____.-'======
// `=---='
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
// 佛祖保佑 永无BUG
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
typedef pair<LL, LL> pLL;
typedef pair<LL, int> pLi;
typedef pair<int, LL> pil;;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef unsigned long long uLL;
#define ls rt<<1
#define rs rt<<1|1
#define lson l,mid,rt<<1
#define rson mid+1,r,rt<<1|1
#define bug printf("*********
")
#define FIN freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);
#define FON freopen("output.txt","w+",stdout);
#define IO ios::sync_with_stdio(false),cin.tie(0)
#define debug1(x) cout<<"["<<#x<<" "<<(x)<<"]
"
#define debug2(x,y) cout<<"["<<#x<<" "<<(x)<<" "<<#y<<" "<<(y)<<"]
"
#define debug3(x,y,z) cout<<"["<<#x<<" "<<(x)<<" "<<#y<<" "<<(y)<<" "<<#z<<" "<<z<<"]
"
const double eps = 1e-8;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int maxn = 3e5 + 5;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const LL INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
struct node {
int l, r, id;
} q[maxn];
int pos[maxn];
bool cmp(node a, node b) {
if(pos[a. l] == pos[b.l]) return a.r < b.r;
return pos[a.l] < pos[b.l];
}
LL Ans;
LL f[maxn], inv[maxn];
LL qpow(LL a, LL b) {
LL Ans = 1;
while (b) {
if (b & 1) Ans = (Ans * a) % mod;
a = (a * a) % mod;
b >>= 1;
}
return Ans;
}
void init() {
f[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < maxn; i++) f[i] = (f[i - 1] * i) % mod;
inv[maxn - 1] = qpow(f[maxn - 1], mod - 2);
for (int i = maxn - 2; i >= 1; i--) inv[i] = (inv[i + 1] * (i + 1)) % mod;
}
LL C(int n, int m) {
if (n < 0 || m < 0 || m > n) return 0;
if (m == 0 || m == n) return 1;
return f[n] * inv[n - m] % mod * inv[m] % mod;
}
LL ans[maxn];
int main() {
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
FIN
#endif
init();
int n;
scanf("%d", &n);
int sz = sqrt(n);
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
pos[i] = i / sz;
scanf("%d%d", &q[i].l, &q[i].r);
q[i].id = i;
}
sort(q + 1, q + n + 1, cmp);
int l = 1, r = 0;
Ans = 1;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
while(l < q[i].l) {
Ans = Ans * 2 % mod - C(l, r);
if (Ans < 0) Ans += mod;
l++;
}
while(l > q[i].l) {
l--;
Ans = (Ans + C(l, r)) % mod * inv[2] % mod;
}
while(r < q[i].r) {
r++;
Ans = (Ans + C(l, r)) % mod;
}
while(r > q[i].r) {
Ans = (Ans - C(l, r) + mod) % mod;
r--;
}
ans[q[i].id] = Ans;
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
printf("%lld
", ans[i]);
}
return 0;
}