英语
(辅字组 读音 例词)
b [b] bag bike bus blue
c [k] cake card cooll
c [s] face decide cinema
d [d] desk dad day
f [f] fine five face off
g [g] good bag ago
g [dʒ] gym giraffe gentle
g [ʒ] massage rouge prestige
h [h] hello hat hot hand heat
j [dʒ] jacket job June July Japan
k [k] key like bike nook
l [l] hello like lake
l [ɫ] milk bell cycle
m [m] morning name me
n [n] no nice in neck
n [ŋ] pink bank sunk
p [p] map pen apple picture
r [r] Frank red rectangular
s [s] spell thanks six summer
s [ʃ] sugar Asia pressure
s [ʒ] pleasure leisure vision
t [t] it what white ten twelve twenty
v [v] evening vest very vongola
w [w] what we well
x [ks] box six
x [gz] exam exhaust
y [j] you yellow yes
z [z] zoo zero
z [ʒ] crozier seizure
ck [k] black chick
ch [tʃ] China chose
sh [ʃ] shoes shape she
th [θ] thank three
th [ð] these them
wh [hw] what white when
wh [h] who whose
tr [tr] tree train truck
dr [dr] dress dragon drove
ts [ts] what’s it’s cats
ds [dz] beds hands cards
qu [kw] quitequantity queue
爆破音:[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]
摩擦音:[f],[v],[θ],[ð],[s],[z],[ʃ],[ʒ],[r],[h],[hw](=[ʍ])
破擦音:[tʃ],[dʒ],[ts],[dz],[tr],[dr]
鼻音:[m],[n],[ŋ]
舌侧音:[l],[ɫ]
半元音:[w],[j]
根据不同标准可以对辅音进行不同分类,但是我们在具体学习的过程中不能把各种分类方法割裂开来,其实即使归类不同,音的本质还是相同的,分类只是为了让大家对各个辅音的多面性有所了解。比如我们说[p]既是双唇音,又是爆破音,所以在发音时两种特性都要兼顾。再看[t]和[d],虽然发音部位相同,都是舌龈音,但是他们恰恰是一对相互对应的清、浊辅音,发音时理应有所区分。最后让我们看看[n]和[l],这两个音在我国长江流域某些地区的方言中不加区别,比如有人习惯把“河南”说成“河兰”,结果在英语中对这两个音也不加区分,这就是典型的母语对第二语言学习者的负面影响。但是我们只要参考以下以上的第二种和第三种分类:两个音虽然控制气流的部位都是舌尖和齿龈,但是前者气流从鼻腔中通过,后者气流却是从舌两侧通过。所以我们在感冒的时后鼻音[n]一般发不出来,而舌侧音[l]的发音却毫无障碍。
分类
声带:
清辅音:[p][t][k][f][θ][s][ʃ][tʃ][ts][tr] [h]
浊辅音:[b][d][g] [v][δ][z][ʒ][dʒ][dz][dr][m][n][ŋ] [l] [r][w][j]
发音方式:
塞音:[p][b] [t][d] [k][g]
擦音:[s][z] [f][v] [θ][δ] [ʃ][ʒ] [h] [r]
塞擦音:[tʃ][dʒ] [tr][dr] [ts][dz]
鼻音(浊):[m] [n] [ŋ]
边音(浊):[l] [ɫ]
半元音(浊):[w] [j]