Hive之命令

Hive之命令

说明：此博客只记录了一些常见的hql，create/select/insert/update/delete这些基础操作是没有记录的。

一、时间级

select
     day                                                                                                   -- 时间
    ,date_add(day,1 - dayofweek(day))                                                  as week_first_day   -- 本周第一天_周日
    ,date_add(day,7 - dayofweek(day))                                                  as week_last_day    -- 本周最后一天_周六
    ,date_add(day,1 - case when dayofweek(day) = 1 then 7 else dayofweek(day) - 1 end) as week_first_day   -- 本周第一天_周一
    ,date_add(day,7 - case when dayofweek(day) = 1 then 7 else dayofweek(day) - 1 end) as week_last_day    -- 本周最后一天_周日
    ,next_day(day,'TU')                                                                as next_tuesday     -- 当前日期的下个周二
    ,trunc(day,'MM')                                                                   as month_first_day  -- 当月第一天
    ,last_day(day)                                                                     as month_last_day   -- 当月最后一天
    ,to_date(concat(year(day),'-',lpad(ceil(month(day)/3) * 3 -2,2,0),'-01'))          as season_first_day -- 当季第一天
    ,last_day(to_date(concat(year(day),'-',lpad(ceil(month(day)/3) * 3,2,0),'-01')))   as season_last_day  -- 当季最后一天
    ,trunc(day,'YY')                                                                   as year_first_day   -- 当年第一天
    ,last_day(add_months(trunc(day,'YY'),12))                                          as year_last_day    -- 当年最后一天
    ,weekofyear(day)                                                                   as weekofyear       -- 当年第几周
    ,second(day)                                                                       as second           -- 秒钟
    ,minute(day)                                                                       as minute           -- 分钟
    ,hour(day)                                                                         as hour             -- 小时
    ,day(day)                                                                          as day              -- 日期
    ,month(day)                                                                        as month            -- 月份
    ,lpad(ceil(month(day)/3),2,0)                                                      as season           -- 季度
    ,year(day)                                                                         as year             -- 年份
from (
    select '2018-01-02 01:01:01' as day union all
    select '2018-02-02 02:03:04' as day union all
    select '2018-03-02 03:05:07' as day union all
    select '2018-04-02 04:07:10' as day union all
    select '2018-05-02 05:09:13' as day union all
    select '2018-06-02 06:11:16' as day union all
    select '2018-07-02 07:13:19' as day union all
    select '2018-08-02 08:15:22' as day union all
    select '2018-09-02 09:17:25' as day union all
    select '2018-10-02 10:19:28' as day union all
    select '2018-11-02 11:21:31' as day union all
    select '2018-12-02 12:23:34' as day
) t1
;

1.1 获取年、月、日、小时、分钟、秒、当年第几周

select
     year('2018-02-27 10:00:00')       as year
    ,month('2018-02-27 10:00:00')      as month
    ,day('2018-02-27 10:00:00')        as day
    ,hour('2018-02-27 10:00:00')       as hour
    ,minute('2018-02-27 10:00:00')     as minute
    ,second('2018-02-27 10:00:00')     as second
    ,weekofyear('2018-02-27 10:00:00') as weekofyear
;
+-------+--------+------+-------+---------+---------+-------------+--+
| year  | month  | day  | hour  | minute  | second  | weekofyear  |
+-------+--------+------+-------+---------+---------+-------------+--+
| 2018  | 2      | 27   | 10    | 0       | 0       | 9           |
+-------+--------+------+-------+---------+---------+-------------+--+

1.2 系统时间

-- 获取系统时间
select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp());
select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(),'yyyy--MM--dd HH:mm:ss') as current_time;
-- 获取当天时间(yyyy-MM-dd)
select current_date;
-- 获取系统时间戳
select unix_timestamp();
-- 时间戳转日期
select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(),'yyyyMMdd');
-- 日期加减：date_add（时间，增加天数） date_sub（时间，减少天数），返回日期减少天后的日期
select regexp_replace(date_add(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP()),-1),'-','');
select regexp_replace(date_sub(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP()),1),'-','');

-- 日期差值：datediff(结束日期，开始日期)，返回结束日期减去开始日期的天数。
select datediff(CURRENT_DATE,'2017-01-01') as datediff;

-- 查询当前系统时间(包括毫秒数)
select current_timestamp;  
-- 查询当月第几天
select dayofmonth(current_date);
-- 月末
select last_day(current_date);
-- 当月第1天
select date_sub(current_date,dayofmonth(current_date)-1);

二、库表级

-- 查看所有库信息
show database;
-- 进入指定数据库
use {dbName};
-- 查看指定库的所有表
show tables ;
-- 正则表达式过滤表
show tables 'table*';

-- 查看hive表信息
desc formatted {dbName.tabName};
-- 查看hive库信息
describe database extended {dbName};
-- 查询表的某一列
describe {dbName.tabName.fieldName};
-- 查看表结构详情
show create table {dbName.tabName};
-- 查看表的分区
show partitions tablename;

三、字段级

-- 删除hive库以及库中的表
drop database {dbName} CASCADE; 
-- hive增加主键
alter table {tabName} set TBLPROPERTIES('PRIMARY_KEY'='field1,field2,field3');
-- 添加字段
alter table {dbName.tabName} add columns(column_1 int,column_2 string);
-- 修改字段名称
alter table {dbName.tabName} change column_1 new_column_1 int;
-- 删除字段(hive暂不支持)
alter table {dbName.tabName} drop columns column_1;
-- 修改字段注释
alter table {dbName.tabName} change column column_1 column_1 string COMMENT '字段注释';

四、其他

-- 字符串拼接
select concat('c1','c2') as c3;
-- 查看数据库中所有的表
show tables in {dbName};
-- 添加jar包
add jar hdfs://testUDF.jar;
-- 创建临时函数
create temporary function dbName.funName as '{com.libt.testUDF}';
-- 创建永久函数
create function dbName.funName as '{com.libt.testUDF}';

 五、优化

-- 设置执行引擎
set hive.execution.engine=mr;
-- 设置队列
set mapreduce.job.queuename=dev;
--开启动态分区
set hive.exec.dynamic.partition=true;
--允许所有分区为动态分区
set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;

- analyze 普通表
analyze table dbName.tableName compute statistics;
- analyze 分区表
analyze table dbName.tableName partition(ds) compute statistics;
- 重新计算元数据
msck repair  table tableName;