参考如下文章：
Docker安装Hadoop
Docker在本地搭建Hadoop分布式集群
Docker快速搭建Hadoop测试环境
从0开始用docker搭建 hadoop分布式环境
Docker-Hadoop ALL-IN-ONE
SunflowersOfBigData/hadoop-docker forked from sequenceiq/hadoop-docker
也可以直接通过docker镜像来尝试：
C:UsersAdministrator>docker search hadoop
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
sequenceiq/hadoop-docker An easy way to try Hadoop 552 [OK]
uhopper/hadoop Base Hadoop image with dynamic configuration… 72 [OK]
harisekhon/hadoop Apache Hadoop (HDFS + Yarn, tags 2.2 - 2.8) 32 [OK]
kiwenlau/hadoop Run Hadoop Cluster in Docker Containers 17
izone/hadoop Hadoop 2.8.3 Ecosystem fully distributed, Ju… 12 [OK]
bde2020/hadoop-namenode Hadoop namenode of a hadoop cluster 9 [OK]
ibmcom/iop-hadoop IBM Open Platform with Apache Hadoop 9
uhopper/hadoop-namenode Hadoop namenode 7 [OK]
harisekhon/hadoop-dev Apache Hadoop (HDFS + Yarn) + Dev Tools + Gi… 6 [OK]
uhopper/hadoop-datanode Hadoop datanode 6 [OK]
singularities/hadoop Apache Hadoop 5 [OK]
portworx/hadoop-namenode Hadoop in Docker with Networking and Persist… 4 [OK]
uhopper/hadoop-resourcemanager Hadoop resourcemanager 4 [OK]
bde2020/hadoop-datanode Hadoop datanode of a hadoop cluster 4 [OK]
uhopper/hadoop-nodemanager Hadoop nodemanager 3 [OK]
takaomag/hadoop-namenode docker image of archlinux (hadoop-namenode) 1 [OK]
flokkr/hadoop-hdfs-datanode Container for HDFS datanode of Apache Hadoop… 1
bde2020/hadoop-resourcemanager Hadoop resource manager docker image. 1 [OK]
bde2020/hadoop-nodemanager Hadoop node manager docker image. 1 [OK]
takaomag/hadoop-datanode docker image of archlinux (hadoop-datanode) 1 [OK]
portworx/hadoop-yarn Hadoop in Docker with Networking and Persist… 0 [OK]
flokkr/hadoop Apache Hadoop container with advanced config… 0
bde2020/hadoop-historyserver Hadoop history server docker image. 0 [OK]
anchorfree/hadoop-slave Hadoop slave image 0
flokkr/hadoop-yarn-nodemanager Container for YARN nodemanager of Apache Had… 0