http://www.cnblogs.com/mimi001/articles/1355080.html
The world is not quite a sphere -- but the commercial mapping APIs tend to disbelieve that. They use a Mercator projection with an earth-as-a-sphere assumption. crschmidt is working on a document that goes into this in further detail: http://crschmidt.net/~crschmidt/spherical_mercator.html
In order to interact with them, in OpenLayers 2.5 and beyond, you will create a layer with a sphericalMercator option set to true:
var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.Google("Google", {"sphericalMercator": true});
This is the best way to overlay data on top of the Google Maps API in OpenLayers, and other alternatives may eventually not be supported. (This includes the 'reproject: true' option on WMS layers.)
The options you should use with this configuration are:
var options = {
projection: new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:900913"),
units: "m",
maxResolution: 156543.0339,
maxExtent: new OpenLayers.Bounds(-20037508.34, -20037508.34,
20037508.34, 20037508.34)
};
The projection in question can be expressed in proj4 as:
+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +no_defs
See http://proj.maptools.org/faq.html#sphere_as_wgs84 for more information on why this is.
This can be added to /usr/share/epsg/proj, and thus MapServer, GDAL, etc. by adding the following line to the file:
<900913> +proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +no_defs
If, for whatever reason, you can't edit your system PROJ.4 definitions (i.e., don't have root), you can use the CONFIG "PROJ_LIB" option to the map object in MapServer, as described in the docs.
In GeoServer, you can define the Spherical Mercator projection as:
900913=PROJCS["WGS84 / Simple Mercator", GEOGCS["WGS 84", DATUM["WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984", 6378137.0, 298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich", 0.0], UNIT["degree", 0.017453292519943295], AXIS["Longitude", EAST], AXIS["Latitude", NORTH]], PROJECTION["Mercator_1SP_Google"], PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin", 0.0], PARAMETER["central_meridian", 0.0], PARAMETER["scale_factor", 1.0], PARAMETER["false_easting", 0.0], PARAMETER["false_northing", 0.0], UNIT["m", 1.0], AXIS["x", EAST], AXIS["y", NORTH], AUTHORITY["EPSG","900913"]]
Note that GeoServer versions 1.5.4 and above already include this definition, so no additional server side configuration is needed to overlay on OpenLayers as long as you are using the latest versions.
Note that GeoServer's WKT uses a special PROJECTION parameter which will probably not be supported by other software.
In PostGIS, you can run this sql script to add the correct projection setting:
INSERT into spatial_ref_sys (srid, auth_name, auth_srid, srtext, proj4text) values (900913 ,'EPSG',900913,'GEOGCS["WGS 84", DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984", SPHEROID["WGS 84", 6378137.0, 298.257223563,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]], AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich", 0.0, AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]], NIT["degree",0.017453292519943295], AXIS["Longitude", EAST], AXIS["Latitude", NORTH],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]], PROJECTION["Mercator_1SP"],PARAMETER["semi_minor", 6378137.0], PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0.0], PARAMETER["central_meridian", 0.0], PARAMETER["scale_factor",1.0], PARAMETER["false_easting", 0.0], PARAMETER["false_northing", 0.0],UNIT["m", 1.0], AXIS["x", EAST], AXIS["y", NORTH],AUTHORITY["EPSG","900913"]] |','+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +no_defs');
WMS/other Services Supporting EPSG:900913 ¶
| Service | Link | Layer |
| Nexrad WMS Weather Feed (updated every 5 minutes): |
http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/cgi-bin/wms/nexrad/n0r.cgi | nexrad-n0r-900913 |
| CIA Factbook: | http://world.freemap.in/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=/www/freemap.in/world/map/world-overlay.map |
EPSG:4326(WGS84) WMS in Openlayers and EPSG:900913 Google Map
In SUAS Map Server I used Openlayers to display WMS layers in EPSG:4326 SRS with Google Map, I found the WMS overlays are always be transformed, now i kown the reason. EPSG:4326 != EPSG:900913
The world is not quite a sphere -- but the commercial mapping APIs tend
to disbelieve that. They use a Mercator projection with an
earth-as-a-sphere assumption. crschmidt is working on a document that
goes into this in further detail: http://crschmidt.net/~crschmidt/spherical_mercator.html
In order to interact with them, in OpenLayers 2.5 and beyond, you will create a layer with a sphericalMercator option set to true:
var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.Google("Google", {"sphericalMercator": true});
This is the best way to overlay data on top of the Google Maps API in OpenLayers, and other alternatives may eventually not be supported. (This includes the 'reproject: true' option on WMS layers.)
The options you should use with this configuration are:
var options = {
projection: new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:900913"),
units: "m",
maxResolution: 156543.0339,
maxExtent: new OpenLayers.Bounds(-20037508.34, -20037508.34,
20037508.34, 20037508.34)
};
The projection in question can be expressed in proj4 as:
+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0
+k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +no_defs
See http://proj.maptools.org/faq.html#sphere_as_wgs84 for more information on why this is.
This can be added to /usr/share/epsg/proj, and thus MapServer, GDAL, etc. by adding the following line to the file:
<900913> +proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +no_defs
If, for whatever reason, you can't edit your system PROJ.4 definitions
(i.e., don't have root), you can use the CONFIG "PROJ_LIB" option to
the map object in MapServer, as described in the docs.
In GeoServer, you can define the Spherical Mercator projection as:
900913=PROJCS["WGS84 / Simple Mercator", GEOGCS["WGS 84",
DATUM["WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984", 6378137.0, 298.257223563]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich", 0.0], UNIT["degree", 0.017453292519943295],
AXIS["Longitude", EAST], AXIS["Latitude", NORTH]],
PROJECTION["Mercator_1SP_Google"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin", 0.0], PARAMETER["central_meridian", 0.0],
PARAMETER["scale_factor", 1.0], PARAMETER["false_easting", 0.0],
PARAMETER["false_northing", 0.0], UNIT["m", 1.0], AXIS["x", EAST],
AXIS["y", NORTH], AUTHORITY["EPSG","900913"]]
Note that GeoServer versions 1.5.4 and above already include this
definition, so no additional server side configuration is needed to
overlay on OpenLayers as long as you are using the latest versions.
Note that GeoServer's WKT uses a special PROJECTION parameter which will probably not be supported by other software.
In PostGIS, you can run this sql script to add the correct projection setting:
INSERT into spatial_ref_sys (srid, auth_name, auth_srid, srtext, proj4text) values (900913 ,'EPSG',900913,'GEOGCS["WGS 84", DATUM["World Geodetic System
1984", SPHEROID["WGS 84", 6378137.0, 298.257223563,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]], AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich", 0.0, AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]], NIT["degree",0.017453292519943295], AXIS["Longitude", EAST], AXIS["Latitude", NORTH],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]], PROJECTION["Mercator_1SP"],PARAMETER["semi_minor", 6378137.0],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0.0], PARAMETER["central_meridian", 0.0], PARAMETER["scale_factor",1.0], PARAMETER["false_easting", 0.0], PARAMETER["false_northing", 0.0],UNIT["m", 1.0], AXIS["x", EAST], AXIS["y", NORTH],AUTHORITY["EPSG","900913"]] |','+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m
+nadgrids=@null +no_defs');
WMS/other Services Supporting EPSG:900913 ¶
| Service | Link | Layer |
| Nexrad WMS Weather Feed (updated every 5 minutes): |
http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/cgi-bin/wms/nexrad/n0r.cgi | nexrad-n0r-900913 |
| CIA Factbook: | http://world.freemap.in/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=/www/freemap.in/world/map/world-overlay.map | world |
Ref:
http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/SphericalMercator
http://spin.mohawkcollege.ca/courses/jackgibb/newmapping/googleWMS.html