• 转:在Struts 2中实现文件上传


    (本文转自:http://www.blogjava.net/max/archive/2007/03/21/105124.html)

    前一阵子有些朋友在电子邮件中问关于Struts 2实现文件上传的问题, 所以今天我们就来讨论一下这个问题。

    实现原理

    Struts 2是通过Commons FileUpload文件上传。Commons FileUpload通过将HTTP的数据保存到临时文件夹,然后Struts使用fileUpload拦截器将文件绑定到Action的实例中。从而我们就能够以本地文件方式的操作浏览器上传的文件。

    具体实现

    前段时间Apache发布了Struts 2.0.6 GA,所以本文的实现是以该版本的Struts作为框架的。以下是例子所依赖类包的列表:

    依赖类包的列表 
    清单1 依赖类包的列表

    首先,创建文件上传页面FileUpload.jsp,内容如下:

    <% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %> 
    <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> 
    
    <! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" > 
    < html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > 
    < head > 
        < title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title > 
    </ head > 
    < body > 
        < s:form action ="fileUpload" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" > 
            < s:file name ="myFile" label ="Image File" /> 
            < s:textfield name ="caption" label ="Caption" />        
            < s:submit /> 
        </ s:form > 
    </ body > 
    </ html >

    清单2 FileUpload.jsp

    在FileUpload.jsp中,先将表单的提交方式设为POST,然后将enctype设为multipart/form-data,这并没有什么特别之处。接下来,<s:file/>标志将文件上传控件绑定到Action的myFile属性。

    其次是FileUploadAction.java代码:

     
    package tutorial;
    
     import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
     import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
     import java.io.File;
     import java.io.FileInputStream;
     import java.io.FileOutputStream;
     import java.io.InputStream;
     import java.io.OutputStream;
     import java.util.Date;
    
     import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
    
     import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
    
     public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 572146812454l ;
         private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024 ;
        
         private File myFile;
         private String contentType;
         private String fileName;
         private String imageFileName;
         private String caption;
        
         public void setMyFileContentType(String contentType) {
             this .contentType = contentType;
        } 
        
         public void setMyFileFileName(String fileName) {
             this .fileName = fileName;
        } 
            
         public void setMyFile(File myFile) {
             this .myFile = myFile;
        } 
        
         public String getImageFileName() {
             return imageFileName;
        } 
        
         public String getCaption() {
             return caption;
        } 
     
         public void setCaption(String caption) {
             this .caption = caption;
        } 
        
         private static void copy(File src, File dst) {
             try {
                InputStream in = null ;
                OutputStream out = null ;
                 try {                
                    in = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(src), BUFFER_SIZE);
                    out = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(dst), BUFFER_SIZE);
                     byte [] buffer = new byte [BUFFER_SIZE];
                     while (in.read(buffer) > 0 ) {
                        out.write(buffer);
                    } 
                } finally {
                     if ( null != in) {
                        in.close();
                    } 
                     if ( null != out) {
                        out.close();
                    } 
                } 
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } 
        } 
        
         private static String getExtention(String fileName) {
             int pos = fileName.lastIndexOf( " . " );
             return fileName.substring(pos);
        } 
     
        @Override
         public String execute()     {        
            imageFileName = new Date().getTime() + getExtention(fileName);
            File imageFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath( " /UploadImages " ) + " / " + imageFileName);
            copy(myFile, imageFile);
             return SUCCESS;
        } 
        
    }
    

      

    清单3 tutorial/FileUploadAction.java

    在FileUploadAction中我分别写了setMyFileContentType、setMyFileFileName、setMyFile和setCaption四个Setter方法,后两者很容易明白,分别对应FileUpload.jsp中的<s:file/>和<s:textfield/>标志。但是前两者并没有显式地与任何的页面标志绑定,那么它们的值又是从何而来的呢?其实,<s:file/>标志不仅仅是绑定到myFile,还有myFileContentType(上传文件的MIME类型)和myFileFileName(上传文件的文件名,该文件名不包括文件的路径)。因此,<s:file name="xxx" />对应Action类里面的xxx、xxxContentType和xxxFileName三个属性。

    FileUploadAction作用是将浏览器上传的文件拷贝到WEB应用程序的UploadImages文件夹下,新文件的名称是由系统时间与上传文件的后缀组成,该名称将被赋给imageFileName属性,以便上传成功的跳转页面使用。

    下面我们就来看看上传成功的页面:

    <% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %> 
    <% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %> 
    
    <! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" > 
    < html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > 
    < head > 
        < title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title > 
    </ head > 
    < body > 
        < div style ="padding: 3px; border: solid 1px #cccccc; text-align: center" > 
            < img src ='UploadImages/<s:property value ="imageFileName" /> ' />
            < br /> 
            < s:property value ="caption" /> 
        </ div > 
    </ body > 
    </ html >

    清单4 ShowUpload.jsp

    ShowUpload.jsp获得imageFileName,将其UploadImages组成URL,从而将上传的图像显示出来。

    然后是Action的配置文件:

    <? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
    
    <! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" > 
    
    < struts > 
        < package name ="fileUploadDemo" extends ="struts-default" > 
            < action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" > 
                < interceptor-ref name ="fileUploadStack" /> 
                < result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result > 
            </ action > 
        </ package > 
    </ struts >
    

      

    清单5 struts.xml

    fileUpload Action显式地应用fileUploadStack的拦截器。

    最后是web.xml配置文件:

    <? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
    < web-app id ="WebApp_9" version ="2.4" 
        xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
        xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
        xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" > 
    
        < display-name > Struts 2 Fileupload </ display-name > 
    
        < filter > 
            < filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name > 
            < filter-class > 
                org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp
            </ filter-class > 
        </ filter > 
        
        < filter > 
            < filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name > 
            < filter-class > 
                org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
            </ filter-class > 
        </ filter > 
        
        < filter-mapping > 
            < filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name > 
            < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > 
        </ filter-mapping > 
    
        < filter-mapping > 
            < filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name > 
            < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern > 
        </ filter-mapping > 
    
        < welcome-file-list > 
            < welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file > 
        </ welcome-file-list > 
    
    </ web-app >
    

      

    清单6 WEB-INF/web.xml

    发布运行应用程序,在浏览器地址栏中键入:http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Fileupload/FileUpload.jsp,出现图示页面:

     
    清单7 FileUpload页面

    选择图片文件,填写Caption并按下Submit按钮提交,出现图示页面:

     
    清单8 上传成功页面

    更多配置

    在运行上述例子,如果您留心一点的话,应该会发现服务器控制台有如下输出:

    Mar 20 , 2007 4 : 08 : 43 PM org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher getSaveDir
    INFO: Unable to find 'struts.multipart.saveDir' property setting. Defaulting to javax.servlet.context.tempdir
    Mar 20 , 2007 4 : 08 : 43 PM org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor intercept
    INFO: Removing file myFile C:Program FilesTomcat 5.5 workCatalinalocalhostStruts2_Fileuploadupload_251447c2_1116e355841__7ff7_00000006.tmp
    

      

    清单9 服务器控制台输出

    上述信息告诉我们,struts.multipart.saveDir没有配置。struts.multipart.saveDir用于指定存放临时文件的文件夹,该配置写在struts.properties文件中。例如,如果在struts.properties文件加入如下代码:

    struts.multipart.saveDir = /tmp
    

      

    清单10 struts配置

    这样上传的文件就会临时保存到你根目录下的tmp文件夹中(一般为c: mp),如果此文件夹不存在,Struts 2会自动创建一个。

    错误处理

    上述例子实现的图片上传的功能,所以应该阻止用户上传非图片类型的文件。在Struts 2中如何实现这点呢?其实这也很简单,对上述例子作如下修改即可。

    首先修改FileUpload.jsp,在<body>与<s:form>之间加入“<s:fielderror />”,用于在页面上输出错误信息。

    然后修改struts.xml文件,将Action fileUpload的定义改为如下所示:

           
     < action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" > 
                < interceptor-ref name ="fileUpload" > 
                    < param name ="allowedTypes" > 
                        image/bmp,image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg
                    </ param > 
                </ interceptor-ref > 
                < interceptor-ref name ="defaultStack" />            
                < result name ="input" > /FileUpload.jsp </ result > 
                < result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result > 
            </ action >
    

      

    清单11 修改后的配置文件

    显而易见,起作用就是fileUpload拦截器的allowTypes参数。另外,配置还引入defaultStack它会帮我们添加验证等功能,所以在出错之后会跳转到名称为“input”的结果,也即是FileUpload.jsp。

    发布运行应用程序,出错时,页面如下图所示:

     
    清单12 出错提示页面

    上面的出错提示是Struts 2默认的,大多数情况下,我们都需要自定义和国际化这些信息。通过在全局的国际资源文件中加入“struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed=The file you uploaded is not a image”,可以实现以上提及的需求。对此有疑问的朋友可以参考我之前的文章《在Struts 2.0中国际化(i18n)您的应用程序》。

    实现之后的出错页面如下图所示:

     
    清单13 自定义出错提示页面

    同样的做法,你可以使用参数“maximumSize”来限制上传文件的大小,它对应的字符资源名为:“struts.messages.error.file.too.large”。

    字符资源“struts.messages.error.uploading”用提示一般的上传出错信息。

    多文件上传

    与单文件上传相似,Struts 2实现多文件上传也很简单。你可以将多个<s:file />绑定Action的数组或列表。如下例所示。

    < s:form action ="doMultipleUploadUsingList" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" > 
        < s:file label ="File (1)" name ="upload" /> 
        < s:file label ="File (2)" name ="upload" /> 
        < s:file label ="FIle (3)" name ="upload" /> 
        < s:submit /> 
    </ s:form >
    

      

    清单14 多文件上传JSP代码片段

    如果你希望绑定到数组,Action的代码应类似:

     
        private File[] uploads;
         private String[] uploadFileNames;
         private String[] uploadContentTypes;
    
         public File[] getUpload() { return this .uploads; } 
         public void setUpload(File[] upload) { this .uploads = upload; } 
     
         public String[] getUploadFileName() { return this .uploadFileNames; } 
         public void setUploadFileName(String[] uploadFileName) { this .uploadFileNames = uploadFileName; } 
     
         public String[] getUploadContentType() { return this .uploadContentTypes; } 
         public void setUploadContentType(String[] uploadContentType) { this .uploadContentTypes = uploadContentType; }
    

      

    清单15 多文件上传数组绑定Action代码片段

    如果你想绑定到列表,则应类似:

         private List < File > uploads = new ArrayList < File > ();
         private List < String > uploadFileNames = new ArrayList < String > ();
         private List < String > uploadContentTypes = new ArrayList < String > ();
    
         public List < File > getUpload() {
             return this .uploads;
        } 
         public void setUpload(List < File > uploads) {
             this .uploads = uploads;
        } 
     
         public List < String > getUploadFileName() {
             return this .uploadFileNames;
        } 
         public void setUploadFileName(List < String > uploadFileNames) {
             this .uploadFileNames = uploadFileNames;
        } 
     
         public List < String > getUploadContentType() {
             return this .uploadContentTypes;
        } 
         public void setUploadContentType(List < String > contentTypes) {
             this .uploadContentTypes = contentTypes;
        }
    

      

    清单16 多文件上传列表绑定Action代码片段

    总结

    在Struts 2中实现文件上传的确是轻而易举,您要做的只是使用<s:file />与Action的属性绑定。这又一次有力地证明了Struts 2的简单易用。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/blueherb/p/3998430.html
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