• Linux学习 :字符设备框架


    一.系统功能框架

    U-boot : 启动内核

    linux kernel: 启动应用

    应用: open,read,write 都是通过C库实现,汇编就相当于swi val,引发中断,通过系统调用接口在异常中断调用不同处理函数(VFS)。

    二.字符设备驱动框架

    1.编写驱动:open , read, write 等功能函数的实现:

       static int led_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
          printk("led_drv_open ");
          return 0;

       }

       static int led_drv_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t* ppos){
          printk("led_drv_write ");
          return 0;
       }

    2.注册驱动:

      ①构造file_operations结构:  
          static struct file_operation led_drv_fops = {
            .owner = THIS_MODULE,
            .open = led_drv_open,
            .write = led_drv_write,
          }

      ②注册驱动:
        入口函数: 

               int major; 
             int led_drv_init(void){
                major = register_chrdev(0, "led_drv", &led_drv_fops);  //注册字符设备,major-主设备号 mior-次设备号,app根据设备类型和主设备号调用具体驱动。
                //创建设备节点:
                //... class_create(THIS_MODULE, "led_drv");
                //... clase_device_create(...);
                return 0;
             }
        修饰入口函数: module_init(led_drv_init);
        
        出口函数:void led_drv_exit(void){
                unregister_chrdev(major, "led_drv");  
             }
        修饰出口函数: module_exit(led_drv_exit);

      ③编译:

          Makefile :

            KERN_DIR=/work/system/linux-2.6.22.6  //本地编译过的linux源码目录
            all:
                make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
            clean:
                make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
                rm -rf modules.order
            obj-m  += led_drv.o

      ④加载:

          insmod led_drv.ko
          cat /proc/devices

      

    三.參考代碼:

    驱动程序:first_drv.c

    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/fs.h>
    #include <linux/init.h>
    #include <linux/delay.h>
    #include <asm/uaccess.h>
    #include <asm/irq.h>
    #include <asm/io.h>
    #include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
    #include <asm/hardware.h>
    
    static struct class *firstdrv_class;
    static struct class_device    *firstdrv_class_dev;
    
    volatile unsigned long *gpfcon = NULL;
    volatile unsigned long *gpfdat = NULL;
    
    
    static int first_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
    {
        //printk("first_drv_open
    ");
        /* 配置GPF4,5,6为输出 */
        *gpfcon &= ~((0x3<<(4*2)) | (0x3<<(5*2)) | (0x3<<(6*2)));
        *gpfcon |= ((0x1<<(4*2)) | (0x1<<(5*2)) | (0x1<<(6*2)));
        return 0;
    }
    
    static ssize_t first_drv_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
    {
        int val;
    
        //printk("first_drv_write
    ");
    
        copy_from_user(&val, buf, count); //    copy_to_user();
    
        if (val == 1)
        {
            // 点灯
            *gpfdat &= ~((1<<4) | (1<<5) | (1<<6));
        }
        else
        {
            // 灭灯
            *gpfdat |= (1<<4) | (1<<5) | (1<<6);
        }
        
        return 0;
    }
    
    static struct file_operations first_drv_fops = {
        .owner  =   THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
        .open   =   first_drv_open,     
        .write    =    first_drv_write,       
    };
    
    
    int major;
    static int first_drv_init(void)
    {
        major = register_chrdev(0, "first_drv", &first_drv_fops); // 注册, 告诉内核
    
        firstdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "firstdrv");
    
        firstdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(firstdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "xyz"); /* /dev/xyz */
    
        gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
        gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    static void first_drv_exit(void)
    {
        unregister_chrdev(major, "first_drv"); // 卸载
    
        class_device_unregister(firstdrv_class_dev);
        class_destroy(firstdrv_class);
        iounmap(gpfcon);
    }
    
    module_init(first_drv_init);
    module_exit(first_drv_exit);
    
    
    MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

    测试程序:firstdrvtest.c

    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    /* firstdrvtest on
      * firstdrvtest off
      */
    int main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
        int fd;
        int val = 1;
        fd = open("/dev/xyz", O_RDWR);
        if (fd < 0)
        {
            printf("can't open!
    ");
        }
        if (argc != 2)
        {
            printf("Usage :
    ");
            printf("%s <on|off>
    ", argv[0]);
            return 0;
        }
    
        if (strcmp(argv[1], "on") == 0)
        {
            val  = 1;
        }
        else
        {
            val = 0;
        }
        
        write(fd, &val, 4);
        return 0;
    }

    Makefile:

    KERN_DIR = /work/system/linux-2.6.22.6
    
    all:
        make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules 
    
    clean:
        make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
        rm -rf modules.order
    
    obj-m    += first_drv.o

     


        


          


            

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/blogs-of-lxl/p/5865613.html
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