安卓开发中经常需要对app的性能进行优化,其中就包括解决内存泄漏问题,在app不大的情况下,可借助Android Studio的Android Monitor,简单操作app,观察内存情况,就可以找出内存泄漏点,或者引入开源项目LeakCanary,也可以很快发现内存泄漏点。当然也可以借助monkey测试,省去了我们操作app的步骤,还可以进入到一些非常规操作,然而monkey测试一般效率较低,耗时较长,这个时候我们就不能傻看着内存曲线了,那剩下的工作就是定时记录内存信息及定时导出hprof内存堆栈文件了。基于此目的,编写了一个简单脚本,用于自动跑monkey测试及记录内存信息,脚本的逻辑很简单:插入monkey命令 -> 循环记录内存信息 -> 导出堆栈文件 -> kill monkey进程。
以下两个变量根据需求修改:
(1)packageName = "com.android.systemui"
(2)OUTPUT_DIR = os.path.join('d:\', '\tools\tmp\') # 目录"D: ools mp"
运行环境:Python 3.8.2
#! /usr/bin/python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os, sys, time, logging # 下列时间单位均为秒 # 执行时间 exec_time = 15 * 60 * 60 # 10 hours, 可改成60s供测试该脚本 # 记录内存间隔时间,exec_time/exec_interval + 1 即为记录内存次数 exec_interval = 10 # 10 s # 导出hprof文件间隔 dump_interval = 60 * 60 # 1 hour, 可改成30s供测试该脚本 time_passed = 0 # 打印提示间隔次数,以查看当前进度 print_interval = 1 packageName = "com.android.systemui" bulid_type = "" # 所有产生文件的输出目录,必须指定且存在 # OUTPUT_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), "test") # 目录"~/test" OUTPUT_DIR = os.path.join('d:\', '\tools\tmp\') # 目录"D: ools mp" logger = logging.getLogger('memoryleak') FILE_LOG = True LOG_LEVEL = logging.DEBUG def init_logger(): logger.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL) # create formatter # [%(filename)s:%(lineno)d] 代码位置,暂不配 log_format = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(name)s %(levelname)-8s: %(message)s") def add_ch(): # create console handler and set level to debug ch = logging.StreamHandler() ch.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL) ch.setFormatter(log_format) # add handler to logger logger.addHandler(ch) def add_fh(): logfile = os.path.join(OUTPUT_DIR, "memoryleak_" + time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') + ".log") fh = logging.FileHandler(logfile) fh.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL) fh.setFormatter(log_format) logger.warning('log will be outputed to console and file:[%s]' % logfile) logger.addHandler(fh) add_ch() if not (OUTPUT_DIR and os.path.isdir(OUTPUT_DIR) and os.access(OUTPUT_DIR, os.W_OK)): logger.error('OUTPUT_DIR: ' + OUTPUT_DIR + ' not exist or not writable, please check it up, exiting...') sys.exit(-1) if FILE_LOG: add_fh() def start_monkey(): # adb shell monkey -p com.gionee.filemanager --throttle 800 -v -v 300 command = "adb shell monkey -p " + packageName command += " --ignore-crashes" command += " --ignore-timeouts" command += " --ignore-security-exceptions" command += " --ignore-native-crashes" command += " --monitor-native-crashes" command += " --throttle 800" command += " -v -v 1000000" command += " > " + os.path.join(OUTPUT_DIR, "monkeytest.log") logger.info("插入monkey命令:" + command) os.popen(command) def record_memory(): global time_passed if "eng" in bulid_type: memfile = os.path.join(OUTPUT_DIR, 'procrank.txt') # 第一次执行命令 command = 'adb shell "procrank | grep ' + packageName + '|cmdline' + ' > ' + memfile # 后续执行命令 commandOther = 'adb shell "procrank | grep ' + packageName + ' >> ' + memfile + """ else: memfile = os.path.join(OUTPUT_DIR, "meminfo.txt") command = 'adb shell "dumpsys meminfo ' + packageName + ' | grep "Dalvik Heap" -A 14 -B 4 | grep -ie Private -ie Tota"' + ' > ' + memfile commandOther = 'adb shell "dumpsys meminfo ' + packageName + ' | grep TOTAL -m 1"' + ' >> ' + memfile exec_count = exec_time // exec_interval + 1 logger.info("开始记录内存信息,待记录次数:" + str(exec_count)) for i in range(exec_count): os.popen(command) # 运行命令 # 执行初始命令后切换为后续命令 if i == 0: command = commandOther if i % print_interval == 0: logger.info("当前记录内存次数: " + str(i)) if (time_passed) % dump_interval == 0: logger.info("当前dump hprof次数: " + str(time_passed // dump_interval)) dumpheap(str(time_passed // dump_interval)) time_passed += exec_interval time.sleep(exec_interval) # 休息n秒,再进入下一个循环,也就是每隔n秒打印一次procrank的信息 logger.info("记录内存信息结束") # 运行完毕的标志 def dumpheap(name): command = "adb shell "am dumpheap " + packageName + " /data/local/tmp/hprofs/"" command += "count" + name + ".hprof" os.popen(command) def stop_monkey(): # adb shell kill -9 `adb shell ps | grep com.android.commands.monkey | awk '{print $2}'` pid = os.popen("adb shell "ps | grep monkey | awk '{print $2}'"").read() pid = pid.replace(" ", "") logger.info("monkey pid is: " + pid + ", kill it") os.system("adb shell kill " + pid) def copyheap(): logger.info("开始导出hprof文件...") os.system("adb pull /data/local/tmp/hprofs/ " + OUTPUT_DIR) os.system("adb shell rm -r /data/local/tmp/hprofs") logger.info("导出hprof文件结束") # Ensure in eng release or seleted app has flag android:debuggable="true" def check_env(): global bulid_type bulid_type_prop = os.popen("adb shell "getprop | grep ro.build.type"").read() logger.info("当前rom版本信息 :" + bulid_type_prop) if "eng" in bulid_type_prop: bulid_type = "eng" logger.info("当前rom版本: eng") elif "userdebug" in bulid_type_prop: bulid_type = "userdebug" logger.info("当前rom版本: userdebug") else: bulid_type = "user" logger.info("当前rom版本: user") package_flags = os.popen("adb shell "dumpsys package " + packageName + " | grep pkgFlags="").read() if "DEBUGGABLE" not in package_flags: logger.info("当前为user版本且应用没有设置android:debuggable="true", 无法导出内存信息, 请确认环境。") sys.exit(-1) # 清空及建立hprof文件存放目录 if 'hprofs' in os.popen('adb shell ls /data/local/tmp').read(): logger.info('在设备中清除上次运行产生的临时目录"/data/local/tmp/hprofs"...') os.system("adb shell rm -r /data/local/tmp/hprofs") logger.info('在设备中新建临时目录"/data/local/tmp/hprofs"...') os.system("adb shell mkdir -p /data/local/tmp/hprofs") def main(): init_logger() check_env() start_monkey() # 循环进行,程序主体 record_memory() stop_monkey() copyheap() if __name__ == '__main__': main()