Netty简介
Netty是由JBOSS提供的一个java开源框架,现为 Github上的独立项目。Netty提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具,用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络服务器和客户端程序。
也就是说,Netty 是一个基于NIO的客户、服务器端编程框架,使用Netty 可以确保你快速和简单的开发出一个网络应用,例如实现了某种协议的客户、服务端应用。Netty相当于简化和流线化了网络应用的编程开发过程,例如:基于TCP和UDP的socket服务开发。
“快速”和“简单”并不用产生维护性或性能上的问题。Netty 是一个吸收了多种协议(包括FTP、SMTP、HTTP等各种二进制文本协议)的实现经验,并经过相当精心设计的项目。最终,Netty 成功的找到了一种方式,在保证易于开发的同时还保证了其应用的性能,稳定性和伸缩性。
说明:本文只介绍netty框架最基本的应用,而且是每次客户端请求完毕会关闭连接,后续会写一篇客户端先与服务端建立连接,然后一条条发送数据,发送完毕主动关闭连接的博客。
Netty服务端
1.引入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <!-- 我这里用的1.5.9 --> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.blaze</groupId> <artifactId>netty-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>netty-demo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.4</version> </dependency> <!--fastjson--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.50</version> </dependency> <!--netty依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.43.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <mainClass>com.blaze.nettydemo.server.NettyServer</mainClass> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <finalName>netty-demo</finalName> </build> </project>
2.Netty服务端
NettyServer
package com.blaze.nettydemo.server; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * create by zy 2019/11/15 9:14 * TODO */ @Component public class NettyServer { public static void main(String[] args) { int port = 9898; new NettyServer().bind(port); } public void bind(int port) { /** * interface EventLoopGroup extends EventExecutorGroup extends ScheduledExecutorService extends ExecutorService * 配置服务端的 NIO 线程池,用于网络事件处理,实质上他们就是 Reactor 线程组 * bossGroup 用于服务端接受客户端连接,workerGroup 用于进行 SocketChannel 网络读写 */ EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { /** * ServerBootstrap 是 Netty 用于启动 NIO 服务端的辅助启动类,用于降低开发难度 */ ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler()); /**服务器启动辅助类配置完成后,调用 bind 方法绑定监听端口,调用 sync 方法同步等待绑定操作完成*/ ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",服务器开始监听端口,等待客户端连接........."); /**下面会进行阻塞,等待服务器连接关闭之后 main 方法退出,程序结束*/ f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { /**优雅退出,释放线程池资源*/ bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } /** * 初始化连接 */ @Component private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { /** * 设置 netty 服务端的 handler */ socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler()); /** * 如果使用 netty 搭建 http 服务端,则用下面三个设置代替上面一个设置 */ //socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());// http 编解码 //socketChannel.pipeline().addLast("httpAggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(512 * 1024)); // http 消息聚合器 //socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerHandler()); } } }
NettyServerHandler
package com.blaze.nettydemo.server; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.blaze.nettydemo.model.RequestModel; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * create by zy 2019/11/15 10:06 * TODO */ @Component public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { /** * 收到客户端消息,自动触发 */ @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { /** * 将 msg 转为 Netty 的 ByteBuf 对象,类似 JDK 中的 java.nio.ByteBuffer,不过 ButeBuf 功能更强,更灵活 */ ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg; /** * readableBytes:获取缓冲区可读字节数,然后创建字节数组 * 从而避免了像 java.nio.ByteBuffer 时,只能盲目的创建特定大小的字节数组,比如 1024 */ byte[] reg = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; /** * readBytes:将缓冲区字节数组复制到新建的 byte 数组中 * 然后将字节数组转为字符串 */ buf.readBytes(reg); String body = new String(reg, "UTF-8"); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",The server receive order : " + body); String respMsg = "I am Server, success!"; /** * 业务处理代码 此处省略 * ...... */ /** * 回复消息 * copiedBuffer:创建一个新的缓冲区,内容为里面的参数 * 通过 ChannelHandlerContext 的 write 方法将消息异步发送给客户端 */ ByteBuf respByteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(respMsg.getBytes()); ctx.write(respByteBuf); } @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { /** * flush:将消息发送队列中的消息写入到 SocketChannel 中发送给对方,为了频繁的唤醒 Selector 进行消息发送 * Netty 的 write 方法并不直接将消息写如 SocketChannel 中,调用 write 只是把待发送的消息放到发送缓存数组中,再通过调用 flush * 方法,将发送缓冲区的消息全部写入到 SocketChannel 中 */ ctx.flush(); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { /**当发生异常时,关闭 ChannelHandlerContext,释放和它相关联的句柄等资源 */ ctx.close(); } }
3.Netty客户端
NettyClient
package com.blaze.nettydemo.client; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * create by zy 2019/11/15 10:08 * TODO */ @Component public class NettyClient { /** * 使用 3 个线程模拟三个客户端 */ public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { new Thread(new MyThread()).start(); } } static class MyThread implements Runnable { /**服务端 ip 及端口*/ @Override public void run() { connect("193.168.19.25", 9898); } public void connect(String host, int port) { /**配置客户端 NIO 线程组/池*/ EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { /** * Bootstrap 与 ServerBootstrap 都继承(extends)于 AbstractBootstrap * 创建客户端辅助启动类,并对其配置,与服务器稍微不同,这里的 Channel 设置为 NioSocketChannel * 然后为其添加 Handler,这里直接使用匿名内部类,实现 initChannel 方法 * 作用是当创建 NioSocketChannel 成功后,在进行初始化时,将它的ChannelHandler设置到ChannelPipeline中,用于处理网络I/O事件 */ Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyClientHandler()); } }); /**connect:发起异步连接操作,调用同步方法 sync 等待连接成功*/ ChannelFuture channelFuture = b.connect(host, port).sync(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",客户端发起异步连接.........."); /**等待客户端链路关闭*/ channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { /**优雅退出,释放NIO线程组*/ group.shutdownGracefully(); } } } }
NettyClientHandler
package com.blaze.nettydemo.client; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.logging.Logger; /** * create by zy 2019/11/15 10:09 * TODO */ @Component public class NettyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyClientHandler.class.getName()); /** * 当客户端和服务端 TCP 链路建立成功之后,Netty 的 NIO 线程会调用 channelActive 方法 */ @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { String reqMsg = "客户端请求服务端发送的数据"; byte[] reqMsgByte = reqMsg.getBytes("UTF-8"); ByteBuf reqByteBuf = Unpooled.buffer(reqMsgByte.length); /** * writeBytes:将指定的源数组的数据传输到缓冲区 * 调用 ChannelHandlerContext 的 writeAndFlush 方法将消息发送给服务器 */ reqByteBuf.writeBytes(reqMsgByte); ctx.writeAndFlush(reqByteBuf); } /** * 当服务端返回应答消息时,channelRead 方法被调用,从 Netty 的 ByteBuf 中读取并打印应答消息 */ @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg; byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; buf.readBytes(req); String body = new String(req, "UTF-8"); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",Server return Message:" + body); ctx.close(); } /** * 当发生异常时,打印异常 日志,释放客户端资源 */ @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { /**释放资源*/ logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : " + cause.getMessage()); ctx.close(); } }
4.Netty Http服务端
NettyServer
package com.blaze.nettydemo.server; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * create by zy 2019/11/15 9:14 * TODO */ @Component public class NettyServer { public static void main(String[] args) { int port = 9898; new NettyServer().bind(port); } public void bind(int port) { /** * interface EventLoopGroup extends EventExecutorGroup extends ScheduledExecutorService extends ExecutorService * 配置服务端的 NIO 线程池,用于网络事件处理,实质上他们就是 Reactor 线程组 * bossGroup 用于服务端接受客户端连接,workerGroup 用于进行 SocketChannel 网络读写 */ EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { /** * ServerBootstrap 是 Netty 用于启动 NIO 服务端的辅助启动类,用于降低开发难度 */ ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler()); /**服务器启动辅助类配置完成后,调用 bind 方法绑定监听端口,调用 sync 方法同步等待绑定操作完成*/ ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",服务器开始监听端口,等待客户端连接........."); /**下面会进行阻塞,等待服务器连接关闭之后 main 方法退出,程序结束*/ f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { /**优雅退出,释放线程池资源*/ bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } /** * 初始化连接 */ @Component private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { /** * 设置 netty 服务端的 handler */ //socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler()); /** * 如果使用 netty 搭建 http 服务端,则用下面三个设置代替上面一个设置 */ socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());// http 编解码 socketChannel.pipeline().addLast("httpAggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(512 * 1024)); // http 消息聚合器 socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerHandler()); } } }
HttpServerHandler
package com.blaze.nettydemo.server; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*; import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * create by zy 2019/11/19 9:21 * TODO */ @Component public class HttpServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) { FullHttpRequest req = (FullHttpRequest) msg; try { // 1.获取URI String uri = req.uri(); System.out.println("uri:" + uri); // 2.获取请求体 ByteBuf buf = req.content(); String content = buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8); // 3.根据请求的方法uri不同处理不同的逻辑 Object rc = new Object(); switch (uri) { case "/test1": // ...... break; case "/ltest2": // ...... break; default: break; } // 4.返回结果 response(ctx, rc); } finally { req.release(); } } } private void response(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object c) { // 1.设置响应 FullHttpResponse resp = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, Unpooled.copiedBuffer(JSONObject.toJSONString(c), CharsetUtil.UTF_8)); resp.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html; charset=UTF-8"); // 2.发送 // 注意必须在使用完之后,close channel ctx.writeAndFlush(resp).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } }
Http客户端,使用postman请求服务端进行测试即可。
本文参考:https://blog.csdn.net/wangmx1993328/article/details/83036285