在随笔“springMVC项目配置文件”的基础上,进行优化,使用注解配置,控制器类得以简化:
一、注解配置springMVC
1、在HelloController类中,去除实现的Controller接口,并给方法HandlerRequest添加注解@RequestMapping:
@Controller
public Class HelloController{
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public ModelAndView HandlerRequest(HttpServletRequest x1,HttpServletResponse x2) { }
}
//其中,@Controller注解是用来声明控制器的
//@RequestMapping注解表示/hello路径会映射到该方法上
//另,若@RequestMapping注解作用在类上,则相当于给该类所有配置的映射地址前加上了一个地址
2、在dispatcher-servlet.xml 文件中,注释掉原来的映射设置:包括路径映射与控制器类的bean
重新增加一个组件扫描: <context : component-scan base-package = "controller" /> //扫描controller包下的控制器类
二、配置视图解析器
在WEB-INF 下建page文件夹,WEB-INF是javaweb默认的安全目录,不允许用户直接访问
1、在dispatcher-servlet.xml中,添加一个bean,告知视图解析器:
<bean id = "viewResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/page" />
<property name = "subfix" value = ".jsp" />
</bean>
//配置springMVC内置的视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver,在视图名上添加前缀后缀进而确定一个web应用中视图资源的物理路径
2、在HelloController中把方法HandlerRequest的方法体内容改为ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(viewName:"index");
3、把原index.jsp文件剪切到WEB-INF 下page文件夹中
4、访问路径localhost/hello 则可以显示内容页了,实际路径是/WEB-INF/page/index.jsp
三、控制器接收请求数据
<form action = "/param" role = "form">
用户名:<input type = "text" name = "username"><br/>
<input type = "submit" value = "提交">
</form>
servlet 原生ApI实现接收请求数据:
1、@RequestMapping("/param")
public ModelAndView getparam(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
String username = req.getParameter("username");
sysout(username);
return null;
} //获取表单提交的用户名
2、同名匹配规则,把方法入参名设成与前台传参名一致,也可获取到表单提交的数据:
@RequestMapping("/param")
public ModelAndView getparam(String username){
sysout(username);
return null;
}
//问题是,与前台强耦合
解决方法是用@RequestParam(“前台参数名”)来注入:
3、@RequestMapping("/param")
public ModelAndView getparam(@RequestParam("username") String u){
sysout(u);
return null;
} //同样获取到表单提交的数据
另,使用模型传参:前台参数名必须与模型字段名一致:
public Class User{ String username; //getter、setter方法}
public ModelAndView getparam(User user){
sysout(user.getUsername);
return null;
}
解决post方式的中文乱码问题: 通过在web.xml中添加springmvc字符编码过滤器:
<filter>
<filter-name> CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name> encoding</param-name>
<param-value> utf-8 </param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern> /* </url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
//<filter><filter-mapping>要成对配置
四、控制器回显数据
/WEB-INF/page下创建test.jsp页面
<!Doctype html>
<%@page language = "java" contentType = "text/html;charset = UTF-8" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" import="java.util.*" isElIgnore = "false" %> //不忽略el表达式
<html>
<head> <title>springmvc数据回显</title> </head>
<body>
<h1> 回显数据: ${ message }</h1>
</body>
</html>
1、Servlet原生ApI回显数据:
@RequestMapping("/value")
public ModelAndView handlerRequest( HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
req.setAttribute("message","成功");
return new ModelAndView("test");
} //localhost/value 返回: 回显数据:成功
2、使用springmvc的ModelAndView对象回显数据:
@RequestMapping("/value")
public ModelAndView handlerRequest( HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(viewName:"test");
model.addObject(attributeName:"message", attributeValue:"成功");
return model ;
} // 访问 localhost/value 返回: 回显数据:成功
3、使用Model对象回显数据
@RequestMapping("/value")
public String handlerRequest(Model m){
m.addAttribute(s:"message",o:"成功");
return "test";
}
//@ModelAttribute注解
public void model(Model model){
model.addAttribute("message","成功");
}
//message会放进页面参数中,在视图中直接调用。
客户端跳转
/hello 或者/test都是服务端的跳转,即:request.getRequestDispatcher("地址").forwards(req,resp);
改写HelloController控制器类:
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public ModelAndView handlerRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("index");
model.addObject("message","hello springmvc");
return model;
}
@RequestMapping("/jump")
public ModelAndView jump(){
ModelAndView m = new ModelAndView("redirect:/hello");
return m;
}
//访问localhost/jump 会自动跳转到 localhost/hello
结果和前面一样
也可以这样写:
@RequestMapping("/jump")
public String jump(){
return "redirect: ./hello";
}
文件上传
先导入jar包: commons-io-1.3.2.jar commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
1、在dispatcher-servlet.xml中配置上传解析器:
<bean id="multipartResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" />
2、 upload.jsp建在page文件夹下:
<%@ page contentType = "Text/html; charset = UTF-8" language = "java" %>
<html>
<head><title>文件上传</title><head>
<body>
<form action = "/upload" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data">
<input type = "file" name = "picture">
<input type = "submit" value = "上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
3、编写控制器类UploadController在包controller下:
@Controller
public class UploadController{
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public void upload(@Requestparam("picture") MultipartFile file) Throws Exception{
sysout(file.getOriginalFileName());
}
@RequestMapping("/test2")
public ModelAndView upload(){
return new ModelAndView("upload")
}
}
//访问 localhost/test2