• Kubernetes EFK收集日志


    一、环境准备

    • Kubernetes:1.19.2

    • Elasticsearch:外部Elasticsearch,版本7.8

    • Kibana:外部Kibana,版本7.8

    • filebeat: elastic/filebeat:7.8.0

    • logstash: elastic/logstash:7.8.0

    • redis: redis:5.0.10-alpine

     

    二、日志目录

    K8S中的日志目录有3种:

    • /var/lib/docker/containers
    • /var/log/containers
    • /var/log/pods

      它们之间的联系

    • 当Docker 作为 k8s 容器运行时,容器日志的落盘将由 docker 来完成,保存在/var/lib/docker/containers/$CONTAINERID 目录下
    • Kubelet 会在 /var/log/pods 和 /var/log/containers 下建立软链接,指向 /var/lib/docker/containers/CONTAINERID 该目录下的容器日志文件
    • 当Containerd 作为 k8s 容器运行时, 容器日志的落盘由 Kubelet 来完成,保存至 /var/log/pods/$CONTAINER_NAME 目录下,同时在 /var/log/containers 目录下创建软链接,指向日志文件

      /var/log/containers目录中日志名称:podName_NameSpace_ContainerName_ContainerID

    三、创建External service

      用于连接K8s外部的elasticsearch

      先创建一个public-serivce的namespace  

    kubectl create ns public-service
    

      es-svc-external.yaml

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: elaticsearch-svc-external
      namespace: public-service
      labels:
        app: elaticsearch-svc-external
    spec:
      ports:
      - port: 9200
        name: elaticsearch-svc-external
        protocol: TCP
      type: ClusterIP
    

      创建elasticsearch的endpoint

      es-ep.yaml

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Endpoints
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: elaticsearch-svc-external
      name: elaticsearch-svc-external
      namespace: public-service
    subsets:
    - addresses:
      - ip: 192.168.100.144
      ports:
      - name: elaticsearch-svc-external
        port: 9200
        protocol: TCP
    
    • 如果有多个节点,再添加-ip:x.x.x.x

      查看

    kubectl get svc -n public-service
    NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
    elaticsearch-svc-external   ClusterIP   10.109.66.130    <none>        9200/TCP   43h
    
    kubectl get ep -n public-service
    NAME                        ENDPOINTS              AGE
    elaticsearch-svc-external   192.168.100.144:9200   43h
    

      测试,启动一个带curl的pod测试能否获取elasticsearch的信息

      这个elasticsearch有安全认证

    curl -XGET --user elastic:elastic http://elaticsearch-svc-external.public-service:9200/_cluster/health?pretty=true
    {
      "cluster_name" : "es-cluster",
      "status" : "yellow",
      "timed_out" : false,
      "number_of_nodes" : 1,
      "number_of_data_nodes" : 1,
      "active_primary_shards" : 11,
      "active_shards" : 11,
      "relocating_shards" : 0,
      "initializing_shards" : 0,
      "unassigned_shards" : 3,
      "delayed_unassigned_shards" : 0,
      "number_of_pending_tasks" : 0,
      "number_of_in_flight_fetch" : 0,
      "task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis" : 0,
      "active_shards_percent_as_number" : 78.57142857142857
    }
    

      

    四、启动一个redis

      redis.yaml

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: redis-svc
      namespace: public-service
      labels:
        app:  redis
    spec:
      selector:
        app: redis-single
      ports:
        - protocol: TCP
          port: 6379
          targetPort: 6379
    
    ---
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      annotations:
        deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "18"
      labels:
        app: redis
      name: redis
      namespace: public-service
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      revisionHistoryLimit: 10
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: redis-single
      strategy:
        rollingUpdate:
          maxSurge: 1
          maxUnavailable: 0
        type: RollingUpdate
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: redis-single
        spec:
          nodeSelector:
            logging: "true"
          affinity:
            podAntiAffinity:
              preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
              - podAffinityTerm:
                  labelSelector:
                    matchExpressions:
                    - key: app
                      operator: In
                      values:
                      - redis-single
                  topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
                weight: 100
          containers:
          - command:
            - redis-server
            - /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
            env:
            - name: TZ
              value: Asia/Shanghai
            - name: LANG
              value: C.UTF-8
            image: redis:5.0.10-alpine
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            lifecycle: {}
            livenessProbe:
              failureThreshold: 2
              initialDelaySeconds: 10
              periodSeconds: 10
              successThreshold: 1
              tcpSocket:
                port: 6379
              timeoutSeconds: 2
            name: redis
            ports:
            - containerPort: 6379
              name: redis-port
              protocol: TCP
            readinessProbe:
              failureThreshold: 2
              initialDelaySeconds: 10
              periodSeconds: 10
              successThreshold: 1
              tcpSocket:
                port: 6379
              timeoutSeconds: 2
            resources:
              limits:
                cpu: 100m
                memory: 100Mi
              requests:
                cpu: 10m
                memory: 10Mi
            volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
              name: tz-config
            - mountPath: /etc/localtime
              name: tz-config
            - mountPath: /usr/local/etc/
              name: redis-conf
          dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
          restartPolicy: Always
          schedulerName: default-scheduler
          securityContext: {}
          terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
          tolerations:
          - effect: NoExecute
            key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
            operator: Exists
            tolerationSeconds: 30
          - effect: NoExecute
            key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
            operator: Exists
            tolerationSeconds: 30
          volumes:
          - hostPath:
              path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
              type: ""
            name: tz-config
          - configMap:
              name: redis-conf
            name: redis-conf
    
    • nodeSelector 选择一个节点部署

      redis.conf

    protected-mode no
    port 6379
    tcp-backlog 511
    timeout 0
    tcp-keepalive 300
    #daemonize yes
    supervised no
    loglevel notice
    logfile "/data/redis.log"
    databases 16
    always-show-logo yes
    save 900 1
    save 300 10
    save 60 10000
    stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
    rdbcompression yes
    rdbchecksum yes
    dir "/data"
    slave-serve-stale-data yes
    slave-read-only yes
    repl-diskless-sync no
    repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
    repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
    slave-priority 100
    lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
    lazyfree-lazy-expire no
    lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
    slave-lazy-flush no
    appendonly yes
    appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
    appendfsync everysec
    no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
    auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
    auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 1gb
    aof-load-truncated yes
    aof-use-rdb-preamble no
    lua-time-limit 5000
    slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
    slowlog-max-len 128
    latency-monitor-threshold 0
    notify-keyspace-events "xE"
    hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
    hash-max-ziplist-value 64
    list-max-ziplist-size -2
    list-compress-depth 0
    set-max-intset-entries 512
    zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
    zset-max-ziplist-value 64
    hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
    activerehashing yes
    client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
    client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
    client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
    hz 10
    aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
    

      创建

    # kubectl create configmap redis-conf --from-file=redis.conf -n public-service
    
    # kubectl create -f redis.yaml
    
    # kubectl get pods  -n public-service
    NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    redis-6f45c688f9-j6jsn   1/1     Running   0          130m
    
    # kubectl get svc -n public-service | grep redis
    redis-svc                   ClusterIP   10.107.68.121    <none>        6379/TCP   137m
    

      

    五、部署filebeat

      filebeat-configmap.yaml

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: filebeat-config
      namespace: logging
      labels:
        k8s-app: filebeat
    data:
      filebeat.yml: |-
        filebeat.inputs:
        - type: container
          paths:
            # 项目以pb开头
            - /var/log/containers/pb-*.log
    
          #多行合并
          multiline.pattern: '^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}'
          multiline.negate: true
          multiline.match: after
          multiline.timeout: 30
          fields:
            #自定义字段用于logstash识别k8s输入的日志
            service: java-log
    
          processors:
            - add_kubernetes_metadata:
                #添加k8s描述字段
                default_indexers.enabled: true
                default_matchers.enabled: true
                host: ${NODE_NAME}
                matchers:
                - logs_path:
                    logs_path: "/var/log/containers/"
            - drop_fields:
                #删除的多余字段
                fields: ["host", "tags", "ecs", "log", "prospector", "agent", "input", "beat", "offset"]
                ignore_missing: true
        output.redis:
          # 不同namespace下的service联通需要添加其所在的namespace名称
          hosts: ["redis-svc.public-service"]
          key: "filebeat"
          db: 1
          timeout: 5
    

      filebeat-rbac.yaml

    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: filebeat
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: filebeat
      namespace: logging
    roleRef:
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: filebeat
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRole
    metadata:
      name: filebeat
      labels:
        k8s-app: filebeat
    rules:
    - apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
      resources:
      - namespaces
      - pods
      verbs:
      - get
      - watch
      - list
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: filebeat
      namespace: logging
      labels:
        k8s-app: filebeat
    

      filebeat-daemonset.yaml

    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: DaemonSet
    metadata:
      name: filebeat
      namespace: logging
      labels:
        k8s-app: filebeat
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          k8s-app: filebeat
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            k8s-app: filebeat
        spec:
          serviceAccountName: filebeat
          terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
          nodeSelector:
            logging: "true"
          containers:
          - name: filebeat
            image: docker.io/elastic/filebeat:7.8.0
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            # args: [
            #   "-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
            #   "-e",
            # ]
            env:
            - name: NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName
            securityContext:
              runAsUser: 0
              # If using Red Hat OpenShift uncomment this:
              #privileged: true
            resources:
              limits:
                memory: 200Mi
              requests:
                cpu: 100m
                memory: 100Mi
            volumeMounts:
            - name: config
              mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/filebeat.yml
              readOnly: true
              subPath: filebeat.yml
            - name: varlibdockercontainers
              mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
            - name: varlog
              mountPath: /var/log
          volumes:
          - name: config
            configMap:
              defaultMode: 0640
              name: filebeat-config
          - name: varlibdockercontainers
            hostPath:
              path: /var/lib/docker/containers
          - name: varlog
            hostPath:
              path: /var/log
    

      给选择的节点打标签,nodeSelector选择了需要采集日志的节点

    # kubectl label node node01 logging=true
    

      创建

    # kubectl create ns  logging
    # kubectl create -f .

      查看

    # kubectl get pod -n logging | grep filebeat
    filebeat-z5276                        1/1     Running   0          132m
    
    # kubectl get cm -n logging | grep filebeat
    filebeat-config      1      8h
    

      

    六、部署logstash

      logstash-configmap.yaml

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: logstash-configmap
      namespace: logging
    data:
      logstash.yml: |
        http.host: "0.0.0.0"
        path.config: /usr/share/logstash/pipeline
      logstash.conf: |
        # all input will come from filebeat, no local logs
        input {
            beats {
              port => 5044
            }
            redis {
               host => "redis-svc.public-service"
               port => "6379"
               db => 1
               data_type => "list"
               key => "filebeat"
               type => "k8s-log"
              }
        }
        
        filter {
          if [fields][service] == "java-log" {
            grok {
                    match => { "message" => "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:logdatetime}s(?:[]|[%{UUID:trace_id}])s(?:%{SYSLOG5424SD:thread}|%{SYSLOG5424SD})s*%{LOGLEVEL:level}s*%{JAVACLASS:class}s-s%{GREEDYDATA:logmessage}"}
              remove_field => [ "message" ]
              remove_field => [ "agent" ]
              remove_field => [ "ecs" ]
              remove_field => [ "tags" ]
            }
          }
        }
    
    
        output {
          if [fields][service] == "java-log" {
            elasticsearch {
              hosts => ["elaticsearch-svc-external.public-service.svc.cluster.local:9200"]
              user => elastic
              password => elastic
              index => "k8s-%{[kubernetes][namespace]}-%{[kubernetes][labels][app]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
               }
        #stdout { codec => rubydebug { metadata => true}}
             }
          }
    

      

    logstash 中grok语法和配置检测

    语法:https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/master/patterns/grok-patterns

    测试:http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/

    • index:自动创建索引,名称为(k8s-namespace-appname)需要在spec.template.namespace / spec.template.labels.app中写明需要的参数

      logstash-deployment.yaml

    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: logstash-deployment
      namespace: logging
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: logstash
      replicas: 1
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: logstash
        spec:
          nodeSelector:
            logging: "true"
          containers:
          - name: logstash
            image: elastic/logstash:7.8.0
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            ports:
            - containerPort: 5044
            volumeMounts:
              - name: config-volume
                mountPath: /usr/share/logstash/config
              - name: logstash-pipeline-volume
                mountPath: /usr/share/logstash/pipeline
          volumes:
          - name: config-volume
            configMap:
              name: logstash-configmap
              items:
                - key: logstash.yml
                  path: logstash.yml
          - name: logstash-pipeline-volume
            configMap:
              name: logstash-configmap
              items:
                - key: logstash.conf
                  path: logstash.conf
    

      创建

    # kubectl create -f .
    

      查看

    # kubectl get pods -n logging | grep logstash
    logstash-deployment-bc4d6c6dc-zsmrw   1/1     Running   0          135m
    

      

    七、测试日志

      新建一个日志输出pod

      counter-deploy.yaml

    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: pb-counter
      namespace: logging
      labels:
        app: pb-counter
        logging: "true" 
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: pb-counter
          logging: "true"
      template:
        metadata:
          name: pb-counter
          namespace: logging
          labels:
            app: pb-counter
            logging: "true"
        spec:
          nodeSelector:
            logging: "true"
          containers:
          - name: my-counter-test
            image: busybox
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            args: [/bin/sh, -c, 'tail -n+1 -f /opt/msg/message.txt']
            volumeMounts:
            - name: msg
              mountPath: /opt/msg
          volumes:
          - name: msg
            configMap:
              name: msg
    
    • msg:一段java日志,以configmap的形式挂载到pb-counter中    

      查看kibana

      

      详细日志

      

    八、基于日志的报警

      elastalert 是 yelp 使用 python 开发的 elasticsearch 告警工具。elastalert 依照一定频率查询 ES,将查询结果对比告警阈值,超过阈值即进行告警。告警方式包括但不局限于邮箱、微信、钉钉等。

      elastalert.yaml

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: elastalert-config
      namespace: logging
      labels:
        app: elastalert
    data:
      elastalert_config: |-
        ---
        rules_folder: /opt/rules       # 指定规则的目录
        scan_subdirectories: false
        run_every:                     # 多久从 ES 中查询一次
          minutes: 1
        buffer_time:
          minutes: 15
        es_host: elaticsearch-svc-external.public-service
        es_port: 9200
        es_username: elastic
        es_password: elastic
        writeback_index: elastalert
        use_ssl: False
        verify_certs: True
        alert_time_limit:             # 失败重试限制
          minutes: 2880
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: elastalert-rules
      namespace: logging
      labels:
        app: elastalert
    data:
      rule_config.yaml: |-
        name: dummylogs error     # 规则名字,唯一值
        es_host: elaticsearch-svc-external.public-service
        es_port: 9200
        es_user: elastic
        es_password: elastic
        type: any                 # 报警类型
        index: k8s-*              # es索引
        
        filter:                   # 过滤
        - query:
            query_string:
              query: "level:ERROR"  # 报警条件
    
        alert:                    # 报警类型
        - "email"
        smtp_host: smtp.qq.com
        smtp_port: 587
        smtp_auth_file: /opt/auth/smtp_auth_file.yaml
        email_reply_to: xxx@qq.com
        from_addr: xxx@qq.com
        email:                  # 接受邮箱
        - "xx@xx.com"
    ---
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: elastalert
      namespace: logging
      labels:
        app: elastalert
    spec:
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: elastalert
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: elastalert
        spec:
          nodeSelector:
            logging: "true"
          containers:
          - name: elastalert
            image: jertel/elastalert-docker:0.2.4
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            volumeMounts:
            - name: config
              mountPath: /opt/config
            - name: rules
              mountPath: /opt/rules
            - name: auth
              mountPath: /opt/auth
            resources:
              limits:
                cpu: 50m
                memory: 256Mi
              requests:
                cpu: 50m
                memory: 256Mi
          volumes:
          - name: auth
            secret:
              secretName: smtp-auth
          - name: rules
            configMap:
              name: elastalert-rules
          - name: config
            configMap:
              name: elastalert-config
              items:
              - key: elastalert_config
                path: elastalert_config.yaml
    

      使用邮件进行报警的时候,需要指定一个 smtp_auth_file 的文件,文件中包含用户名和密码:(smtp_auth_file.yaml) 

    user: "xxxxx"       # 发送的邮箱地址
    password: "cwzknocmolvvbbji"   # 不是qq邮箱的登录密码,是授权码
    

      开通qq第三方客户端授权码:https://service.mail.qq.com/cgi-bin/help?subtype=1&&id=28&&no=1001256

      创建一个secret

    kubectl create secret generic smtp-auth --from-file=smtp_auth_file.yaml -n logging
    

      创建上面的 elastalert 应用

    # kubectl create -f elastalert.yaml
    
    # kubectl get pod -n logging | grep elast
    elastalert-fb86bd644-tcbxk            1/1     Running   0          13m
    
    # kubectl logs -f elastalert-fb86bd644-tcbxk -n logging
    Elastic Version: 7.8.0
    Reading Elastic 6 index mappings:
    Reading index mapping 'es_mappings/6/silence.json'
    Reading index mapping 'es_mappings/6/elastalert_status.json'
    Reading index mapping 'es_mappings/6/elastalert.json'
    Reading index mapping 'es_mappings/6/past_elastalert.json'
    Reading index mapping 'es_mappings/6/elastalert_error.json'
    Index elastalert already exists. Skipping index creation.
    

      查看elasticsearch中新增的index

      

      产生ERROR级别的日志后收到的邮箱信息

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bigberg/p/13957345.html
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