继续学习redis源码下的Data数据相关文件的代码分析，今天我看的是一个叫aof的文件，这个字母是append ONLY file的简称，意味只进行追加文件操作。这里的文件追加记录时为了记录数据操作的改变记录，用以异常情况的数据恢复的。类似于之前我说的redo,undo日志的作用。我们都知道，redis作为一个内存数据库，数据的每次操作改变是先放在内存中，等到内存数据满了，在刷新到磁盘文件中，达到持久化的目的。所以aof的操作模式，也是采用了这样的方式。这里引入了一个block块的概念，其实就是一个缓冲区块。关于块的一些定义如下:
/* AOF的下面的一些代码都用到了一个简单buffer缓存块来进行存储，存储了数据的一些改变操作记录，等到
缓冲中的达到一定的数据规模时，在持久化地写入到一个文件中，redis采用的方式是append追加的形式，这意味
每次追加都要调整存储的块的大小，但是不可能会有无限大小的块空间，所以redis在这里引入了块列表的概念，
设定死一个块的大小，超过单位块大小，存入另一个块中,这里定义每个块的大小为10M. */
#define AOF_RW_BUF_BLOCK_SIZE (1024*1024*10) /* 10 MB per block */
/* 标准的aof文件读写块 */
typedef struct aofrwblock {
//当前文件块被使用了多少，空闲的大小
unsigned long used, free;
//具体存储内容，大小10M
char buf[AOF_RW_BUF_BLOCK_SIZE];
} aofrwblock;
也就是说，每个块的大小默认为10M,这个大小说大不大，说小不小了，如果填入的数据超出长度了，系统会动态申请一个新的缓冲块，在server端是通过一个块链表的形式，组织整个块的:
/* Append data to the AOF rewrite buffer, allocating new blocks if needed. */
/* 在缓冲区中追加数据，如果超出空间，会新申请一个缓冲块 */
void aofRewriteBufferAppend(unsigned char *s, unsigned long len) {
listNode *ln = listLast(server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks);
//定位到缓冲区的最后一块，在最后一块的位置上进行追加写操作
aofrwblock *block = ln ? ln->value : NULL;
while(len) {
/* If we already got at least an allocated block, try appending
* at least some piece into it. */
if (block) {
//如果当前的缓冲块的剩余空闲能支持len长度的内容时，直接写入
unsigned long thislen = (block->free < len) ? block->free : len;
if (thislen) { /* The current block is not already full. */
memcpy(block->buf+block->used, s, thislen);
block->used += thislen;
block->free -= thislen;
s += thislen;
len -= thislen;
}
}
if (len) { /* First block to allocate, or need another block. */
int numblocks;
//如果不够的话，需要新创建，进行写操作
block = zmalloc(sizeof(*block));
block->free = AOF_RW_BUF_BLOCK_SIZE;
block->used = 0;
//还要把缓冲块追加到服务端的buffer列表中
listAddNodeTail(server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks,block);
/* Log every time we cross more 10 or 100 blocks, respectively
* as a notice or warning. */
numblocks = listLength(server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks);
if (((numblocks+1) % 10) == 0) {
int level = ((numblocks+1) % 100) == 0 ? REDIS_WARNING :
REDIS_NOTICE;
redisLog(level,"Background AOF buffer size: %lu MB",
aofRewriteBufferSize()/(1024*1024));
}
}
}
}
/* Write the append only file buffer on disk.
*
* Since we are required to write the AOF before replying to the client,
* and the only way the client socket can get a write is entering when the
* the event loop, we accumulate all the AOF writes in a memory
* buffer and write it on disk using this function just before entering
* the event loop again.
*
* About the 'force' argument:
*
* When the fsync policy is set to 'everysec' we may delay the flush if there
* is still an fsync() going on in the background thread, since for instance
* on Linux write(2) will be blocked by the background fsync anyway.
* When this happens we remember that there is some aof buffer to be
* flushed ASAP, and will try to do that in the serverCron() function.
*
* However if force is set to 1 we'll write regardless of the background
* fsync. */
#define AOF_WRITE_LOG_ERROR_RATE 30 /* Seconds between errors logging. */
/* 刷新缓存区的内容到磁盘中 */
void flushAppendOnlyFile(int force) {
ssize_t nwritten;
int sync_in_progress = 0;
mstime_t latency;
if (sdslen(server.aof_buf) == 0) return;
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC)
sync_in_progress = bioPendingJobsOfType(REDIS_BIO_AOF_FSYNC) != 0;
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC && !force) {
/* With this append fsync policy we do background fsyncing.
* If the fsync is still in progress we can try to delay
* the write for a couple of seconds. */
if (sync_in_progress) {
if (server.aof_flush_postponed_start == 0) {
/* No previous write postponinig, remember that we are
* postponing the flush and return. */
server.aof_flush_postponed_start = server.unixtime;
return;
} else if (server.unixtime - server.aof_flush_postponed_start < 2) {
/* We were already waiting for fsync to finish, but for less
* than two seconds this is still ok. Postpone again. */
return;
}
/* Otherwise fall trough, and go write since we can't wait
* over two seconds. */
server.aof_delayed_fsync++;
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Asynchronous AOF fsync is taking too long (disk is busy?). Writing the AOF buffer without waiting for fsync to complete, this may slow down Redis.");
}
}
/* We want to perform a single write. This should be guaranteed atomic
* at least if the filesystem we are writing is a real physical one.
* While this will save us against the server being killed I don't think
* there is much to do about the whole server stopping for power problems
* or alike */
//在进行写入操作的时候，还监听了延迟
latencyStartMonitor(latency);
nwritten = write(server.aof_fd,server.aof_buf,sdslen(server.aof_buf));
latencyEndMonitor(latency);
/* We want to capture different events for delayed writes:
* when the delay happens with a pending fsync, or with a saving child
* active, and when the above two conditions are missing.
* We also use an additional event name to save all samples which is
* useful for graphing / monitoring purposes. */
if (sync_in_progress) {
latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("aof-write-pending-fsync",latency);
} else if (server.aof_child_pid != -1 || server.rdb_child_pid != -1) {
latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("aof-write-active-child",latency);
} else {
latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("aof-write-alone",latency);
}
latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("aof-write",latency);
/* We performed the write so reset the postponed flush sentinel to zero. */
server.aof_flush_postponed_start = 0;
if (nwritten != (signed)sdslen(server.aof_buf)) {
static time_t last_write_error_log = 0;
int can_log = 0;
/* Limit logging rate to 1 line per AOF_WRITE_LOG_ERROR_RATE seconds. */
if ((server.unixtime - last_write_error_log) > AOF_WRITE_LOG_ERROR_RATE) {
can_log = 1;
last_write_error_log = server.unixtime;
}
/* Lof the AOF write error and record the error code. */
if (nwritten == -1) {
if (can_log) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error writing to the AOF file: %s",
strerror(errno));
server.aof_last_write_errno = errno;
}
} else {
if (can_log) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Short write while writing to "
"the AOF file: (nwritten=%lld, "
"expected=%lld)",
(long long)nwritten,
(long long)sdslen(server.aof_buf));
}
if (ftruncate(server.aof_fd, server.aof_current_size) == -1) {
if (can_log) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Could not remove short write "
"from the append-only file. Redis may refuse "
"to load the AOF the next time it starts. "
"ftruncate: %s", strerror(errno));
}
} else {
/* If the ftrunacate() succeeded we can set nwritten to
* -1 since there is no longer partial data into the AOF. */
nwritten = -1;
}
server.aof_last_write_errno = ENOSPC;
}
/* Handle the AOF write error. */
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS) {
/* We can't recover when the fsync policy is ALWAYS since the
* reply for the client is already in the output buffers, and we
* have the contract with the user that on acknowledged write data
* is synched on disk. */
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't recover from AOF write error when the AOF fsync policy is 'always'. Exiting...");
exit(1);
} else {
/* Recover from failed write leaving data into the buffer. However
* set an error to stop accepting writes as long as the error
* condition is not cleared. */
server.aof_last_write_status = REDIS_ERR;
/* Trim the sds buffer if there was a partial write, and there
* was no way to undo it with ftruncate(2). */
if (nwritten > 0) {
server.aof_current_size += nwritten;
sdsrange(server.aof_buf,nwritten,-1);
}
return; /* We'll try again on the next call... */
}
} else {
/* Successful write(2). If AOF was in error state, restore the
* OK state and log the event. */
if (server.aof_last_write_status == REDIS_ERR) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"AOF write error looks solved, Redis can write again.");
server.aof_last_write_status = REDIS_OK;
}
}
server.aof_current_size += nwritten;
/* Re-use AOF buffer when it is small enough. The maximum comes from the
* arena size of 4k minus some overhead (but is otherwise arbitrary). */
if ((sdslen(server.aof_buf)+sdsavail(server.aof_buf)) < 4000) {
sdsclear(server.aof_buf);
} else {
sdsfree(server.aof_buf);
server.aof_buf = sdsempty();
}
/* Don't fsync if no-appendfsync-on-rewrite is set to yes and there are
* children doing I/O in the background. */
if (server.aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite &&
(server.aof_child_pid != -1 || server.rdb_child_pid != -1))
return;
/* Perform the fsync if needed. */
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS) {
/* aof_fsync is defined as fdatasync() for Linux in order to avoid
* flushing metadata. */
latencyStartMonitor(latency);
aof_fsync(server.aof_fd); /* Let's try to get this data on the disk */
latencyEndMonitor(latency);
latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("aof-fsync-always",latency);
server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
} else if ((server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC &&
server.unixtime > server.aof_last_fsync)) {
if (!sync_in_progress) aof_background_fsync(server.aof_fd);
server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
}
}
当然有操作会对数据库中的所有数据，做操作记录，便宜用此文件进行全盘恢复:
/* Write a sequence of commands able to fully rebuild the dataset into
* "filename". Used both by REWRITEAOF and BGREWRITEAOF.
*
* In order to minimize the number of commands needed in the rewritten
* log Redis uses variadic commands when possible, such as RPUSH, SADD
* and ZADD. However at max REDIS_AOF_REWRITE_ITEMS_PER_CMD items per time
* are inserted using a single command. */
/* 将数据库的内容按照键值，再次完全重写入文件中 */
int rewriteAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) {
dictIterator *di = NULL;
dictEntry *de;
rio aof;
FILE *fp;
char tmpfile[256];
int j;
long long now = mstime();
/* Note that we have to use a different temp name here compared to the
* one used by rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground() function. */
snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-%d.aof", (int) getpid());
fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w");
if (!fp) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Opening the temp file for AOF rewrite in rewriteAppendOnlyFile(): %s", strerror(errno));
return REDIS_ERR;
}
rioInitWithFile(&aof,fp);
if (server.aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync)
rioSetAutoSync(&aof,REDIS_AOF_AUTOSYNC_BYTES);
for (j = 0; j < server.dbnum; j++) {
char selectcmd[] = "*2
$6
SELECT
";
redisDb *db = server.db+j;
dict *d = db->dict;
if (dictSize(d) == 0) continue;
di = dictGetSafeIterator(d);
if (!di) {
fclose(fp);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
/* SELECT the new DB */
if (rioWrite(&aof,selectcmd,sizeof(selectcmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,j) == 0) goto werr;
/* Iterate this DB writing every entry */
//遍历数据库中的每条记录，进行日志记录
while((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
sds keystr;
robj key, *o;
long long expiretime;
keystr = dictGetKey(de);
o = dictGetVal(de);
initStaticStringObject(key,keystr);
expiretime = getExpire(db,&key);
/* If this key is already expired skip it */
if (expiretime != -1 && expiretime < now) continue;
/* Save the key and associated value */
if (o->type == REDIS_STRING) {
/* Emit a SET command */
char cmd[]="*3
$3
SET
";
if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
/* Key and value */
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_LIST) {
if (rewriteListObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_SET) {
if (rewriteSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_ZSET) {
if (rewriteSortedSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_HASH) {
if (rewriteHashObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else {
redisPanic("Unknown object type");
}
/* Save the expire time */
if (expiretime != -1) {
char cmd[]="*3
$9
PEXPIREAT
";
if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,expiretime) == 0) goto werr;
}
}
dictReleaseIterator(di);
}
/* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */
if (fflush(fp) == EOF) goto werr;
if (fsync(fileno(fp)) == -1) goto werr;
if (fclose(fp) == EOF) goto werr;
/* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only
* if the generate DB file is ok. */
if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp append only file on the final destination: %s", strerror(errno));
unlink(tmpfile);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"SYNC append only file rewrite performed");
return REDIS_OK;
werr:
fclose(fp);
unlink(tmpfile);
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error writing append only file on disk: %s", strerror(errno));
if (di) dictReleaseIterator(di);
return REDIS_ERR;
}系统同样开放了后台的此方法操作：
/* This is how rewriting of the append only file in background works:
*
* 1) The user calls BGREWRITEAOF
* 2) Redis calls this function, that forks():
* 2a) the child rewrite the append only file in a temp file.
* 2b) the parent accumulates differences in server.aof_rewrite_buf.
* 3) When the child finished '2a' exists.
* 4) The parent will trap the exit code, if it's OK, will append the
* data accumulated into server.aof_rewrite_buf into the temp file, and
* finally will rename(2) the temp file in the actual file name.
* The the new file is reopened as the new append only file. Profit!
*/
/* 后台进行AOF数据文件写入操作 */
int rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground(void)原理就是和昨天分析的一样，用的是fork(),创建子线程，最后开放出API:
/* aof.c 中的API */
void aofRewriteBufferReset(void) /* 释放server中旧的buffer，并创建一份新的buffer */
unsigned long aofRewriteBufferSize(void) /* 返回当前AOF的buffer的总大小 */
void aofRewriteBufferAppend(unsigned char *s, unsigned long len) /* 在缓冲区中追加数据，如果超出空间，会新申请一个缓冲块 */
ssize_t aofRewriteBufferWrite(int fd) /* 将保存内存中的buffer内容写入到文件中，也是分块分块的写入 */
void aof_background_fsync(int fd) /* 开启后台线程进行文件同步操作 */
void stopAppendOnly(void) /* 停止追加数据操作,这里用的是一个命令模式 */
int startAppendOnly(void) /* 开启追加模式 */
void flushAppendOnlyFile(int force) /* 刷新缓存区的内容到磁盘中 */
sds catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(sds dst, int argc, robj **argv) /* 根据输入的字符串，进行参数包装，再次输出 */
sds catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(sds buf, struct redisCommand *cmd, robj *key, robj *seconds) /* 将过期等的命令都转化为PEXPIREAT命令，把时间转化为了绝对时间 */
void feedAppendOnlyFile(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) /* 根据cmd的不同操作，进行命令的不同转化 */
struct redisClient *createFakeClient(void) /* 命令总是被客户端所执行的，因此要引入客户端的方法 */
void freeFakeClientArgv(struct redisClient *c) /* 释放客户端参数操作 */
void freeFakeClient(struct redisClient *c) /* 释放客户端参数操作 */
int loadAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) /* 加载AOF文件内容 */
int rioWriteBulkObject(rio *r, robj *obj) /* 写入bulk对象，分为LongLong对象，和普通的String对象 */
int rewriteListObject(rio *r, robj *key, robj *o) /* 写入List列表对象，分为ZIPLIST压缩列表和LINEDLIST普通链表操作 */
int rewriteSetObject(rio *r, robj *key, robj *o) /* 写入set对象数据 */
int rewriteSortedSetObject(rio *r, robj *key, robj *o) /* 写入排序好的set对象 */
static int rioWriteHashIteratorCursor(rio *r, hashTypeIterator *hi, int what) /* 写入哈希迭代器当前指向的对象 */
int rewriteHashObject(rio *r, robj *key, robj *o) /* 写入哈希字典对象 */
int rewriteAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) /* 将数据库的内容按照键值，再次完全重写入文件中 */
int rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground(void) /* 后台进行AOF数据文件写入操作 */
void bgrewriteaofCommand(redisClient *c) /* 后台写AOF文件操作命令模式 */
void aofRemoveTempFile(pid_t childpid) /* 移除某次子线程ID为childpid所生产的aof文件 */
void aofUpdateCurrentSize(void) /* 更新当前aof文件的大小 */
void backgroundRewriteDoneHandler(int exitcode, int bysignal) /* 后台子线程写操作完成后的回调方法 */