• ListenableFuture和CompletableFuture简单小结


    前言


    最近花了点时间熟悉了下ListenableFuture和CompletableFuture的使用。二者都是原生JDK中老版Future-Get模式的改进。本文将结合demo程序来直观的学习一下这两大Future的使用特点。

    老版Future模式的缺点


    老版Future模式一个最大的问题是需要获取结果做后续处理操作的时候,还是需要阻塞等待。这样的话,和同步调用方式就没有多大区别了。而ListenableFuture和CompletableFuture对于这种情况则是提供了很多易用的API。

    如果说按照先后顺序来讲的话,首先是ListenableFuture,这是由Google Guava工具包提供的Future扩展类,随后,JDK在1.8版本中马上也提供了类似这样的类,就是CompletableFuture。

    ListenableFuture

    先来聊聊ListenableFuture,一句话概括ListenableFuture和JDK原生Future最大的区别是前者做到了一个可以监听结果的Future。换个更通俗的讲法,就是它可以监听异步执行的过程,执行完了,自动触发什么操作。除此之外,可以分别针对成功的情况,或者失败的情况做各种后续处理。具体使用可以看下面笔者写的demo程序。

    package 
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
    import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
    
    /**
     * The unit test for ListenableFuture/CompletableFuture. 
     * Created by yiqun01.lin
     * on 2018/5/3.
     */
    public class TestFutures {
      //线程池中线程个数
      private static final int POOL_SIZE = 50;
      //带有回调机制的线程池
      private static final ListeningExecutorService service = MoreExecutors
              .listeningDecorator(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE));
    
      private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestFutures.class);
    
      @Test
      public void testListenableFuture() {
        final List<String> value = Collections
            .synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
        try {
          List<ListenableFuture<String>> futures = new ArrayList<ListenableFuture<String>>();
          // 将实现了callable的任务放入到线程池中,得到一个带有回调机制的ListenableFuture实例,
          // 通过Futures.addCallback方法对得到的ListenableFuture实例进行监听,一旦得到结果就进入到onSuccess方法中,
          // 在onSuccess方法中将查询的结果存入到集合中
          for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            if (i == 9) {
              Thread.sleep(500 * i);
            }
            ListenableFuture<String> sfuture = service
                .submit(new Callable<String>() {
                  @Override
                  public String call() throws Exception {
                    long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    LOG.info("Finishing sleeping task{}: {}", index, time);
                    return String.valueOf(time);
                  }
                });
            sfuture.addListener(new Runnable() {
              @Override
              public void run() {
                LOG.info("Listener be triggered for task{}.", index);
              }
            }, service);
    
            Futures.addCallback(sfuture, new FutureCallback<String>() {
              public void onSuccess(String result) {
                LOG.info("Add result value into value list {}.", result);
                value.add(result);
              }
    
              public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
                LOG.info("Add result value into value list error.", t);
                throw new RuntimeException(t);
              }
            });
            // 将每一次查询得到的ListenableFuture放入到集合中
            futures.add(sfuture);
          }
    
          // 这里将集合中的若干ListenableFuture形成一个新的ListenableFuture
          // 目的是为了异步阻塞,直到所有的ListenableFuture都得到结果才继续当前线程
          // 这里的时间取的是所有任务中用时最长的一个
          ListenableFuture<List<String>> allAsList = Futures.allAsList(futures);
          allAsList.get();
          LOG.info("All sub-task are finished.");
        } catch (Exception ignored) {
        }
      }
    
      @Test
      public void testCompletableFuture() throws Exception {
        ...
      }
    }

    根据测试输出结果,来验证其中的执行顺序,是不是我们预期的那样。

    2018-05-19 11:06:34,870 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:call(53)) - Finishing sleeping task0: 1526699194868
    2018-05-19 11:06:34,874 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:run(60)) - Listener be triggered for task0.
    2018-05-19 11:06:34,896 [main] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:onSuccess(66)) - Add result value into value list 1526699194868.
    2018-05-19 11:06:34,924 [main] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:testListenableFuture(84)) - All sub-task are finished.

    CompletableFuture


    我们再来看看CompletableFuture的使用,这个是在JDK8中开始引入的,这个在一定程度上与ListenableFuture非常类似。比如说ListenableFuture的listener监听回调,在这个类中,相当于thenRun或者whneComplete操作原语。CompletableFuture提供的API其实有很多,从大的方向上来划分的话,有下面几类:

    public static CompletableFuture<Void>     runAsync(Runnable runnable)  
    public static CompletableFuture<Void>     runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor)  
    public static <U> CompletableFuture<U>  supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)  
    public static <U> CompletableFuture<U>  supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier, Executor executor)

    注意到这里,runAsync是不带类型返回的,Void,而supplyAsync API需要传入类型的,整型,字符串或者其它,然后是否需要在额外的线程池里执行这些Async操作,如果没有指定,会默认在ForkJoinPool提供的common pool里跑。

    同样笔者也写了一个简单的demo程序:

    package 
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
    import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
    import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
    
    /**
     * The unit test for ListenableFuture/CompletableFuture. 
     * Created by yiqun01.lin
     * on 2018/5/3.
     */
    public class TestFutures {
      //线程池中线程个数
      private static final int POOL_SIZE = 50;
      //带有回调机制的线程池
      private static final ListeningExecutorService service = MoreExecutors
              .listeningDecorator(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE));
    
      private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestFutures.class);
    
      @Test
      public void testListenableFuture() {
        ...
      }
    
      @Test
      public void testCompletableFuture() throws Exception {
        // case1: supplyAsync
        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
          LOG.info("Run supplyAsync.");
          return "Return result of Supply Async";
        });
    
        // case2: thenRun,与supplyAsync同线程
        future.thenRun(new Runnable() {
    
          @Override
          public void run() {
            LOG.info("Run action.");
          }
        });
    
        // case2: thenRunAsync,另启动线程执行
        future.thenRunAsync(new Runnable() {
    
          @Override
          public void run() {
            LOG.info("Run async action.");
          }
        });
    
        // 主动触发Complete结束方法
        // future.complete("Manual complete value.");
        future.whenComplete((v, e) -> {
          LOG.info("WhenComplete value: " + v);
          LOG.info("WhenComplete exception: " + e);
        });
        CompletableFuture<Void> future2 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
          LOG.info("Return result of Run Async.");
        });
    
        CompletableFuture<String> future3 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
          return "hello";
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future4 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
          return "world";
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> f = future3.thenCombine(future4,
            (x, y) -> x + "-" + y);
        LOG.info(f.get());
      }
    }

    测试输出结果:

    2018-05-19 11:16:36,358 [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:lambda$0(93)) - Run supplyAsync.
    2018-05-19 11:16:36,381 [main] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:run(102)) - Run action.
    2018-05-19 11:16:36,393 [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:run(111)) - Run async action.
    2018-05-19 11:16:36,394 [main] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:lambda$1(118)) - WhenComplete value: Return result of Supply Async
    2018-05-19 11:16:36,394 [main] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:lambda$1(119)) - WhenComplete exception: null
    2018-05-19 11:16:36,396 [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:lambda$2(122)) - Return result of Run Async.
    2018-05-19 11:16:36,397 [main] INFO  records.TestFutures (TestFutures.java:testCompletableFuture(133)) - hello-world

    这些API使用起来还是非常灵活的,大家可以自行本地继续调试调试,包括哪些是阻塞执行的,哪些是异步的,哪些是需要额外开线程执行的等等。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bianqi/p/12183622.html
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