Given a function rand7 which generates a uniform random integer in the range 1 to 7, write a function rand10 which generates a uniform random integer in the range 1 to 10.
Do NOT use system's Math.random().
Example 1:
Input: 1
Output: [7]
Example 2:
Input: 2
Output: [8,4]
Example 3:
Input: 3
Output: [8,1,10]
Note:
- rand7 is predefined.
- Each testcase has one argument: n, the number of times that rand10 is called.
Follow up:
- What is the expected value for the number of calls to rand7() function?
- Could you minimize the number of calls to rand7()?
# The rand7() API is already defined for you.
# def rand7():
# @return a random integer in the range 1 to 7
class Solution:
def rand10(self):
"""
:rtype: int
"""
x = 0
while True:
x = (rand7()-1)*7+rand7()
if x<=40:
break
return x%10 + 1
首先rand7()-1得到一个离散整数集合{0,1,2,3,4,5,6},其中每个整数的出现概率都是1/7。那么(rand7()-1)7得到一个离散整数集合A={0,7,14,21,28,35,42},其中每个整数的出现概率也都是1/7。而rand7()得到的集合B={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}中每个整数出现的概率也是1/7。显然集合A和B中任何两个元素组合可以与1-49之间的一个整数一一对应,也就是说1-49之间的任何一个数,可以唯一确定A和B中两个元素的一种组合方式,反过来也成立。由于A和B中元素可以看成是独立事件,根据独立事件的概率公式P(AB)=P(A)P(B),得到每个组合的概率是1/71/7=1/49。因此(rand7()-1)*7+rand7()生成的整数均匀分布在1-49之间,每个数的概率都是1/49。
然后的思路基于拒绝采样,若x<=40,则直接采用其mod10+1的结果。若不再这个区间内,则重复采样,直到落在这个区间里。