• iOS开发- 缓存(TMCache是如何缓存的?)


    TMCache 是Tumblr使用的缓存系统(github:https://github.com/tumblr/TMCache),它由两部分组成:磁盘缓存和内存缓存。(目前已经停止维护)

    特点:

    1. 由GCD支持

    2. 线程安全

    3. 如果收到内存警告或者APP进入后台, 内存缓存将被清理。磁盘缓存需要手动清理,或者设置时间/大小限制

    4. 能够缓存任何支持NSCoding的对象(最重要的就是UIImage),通过key存取

    TMCache由三个类构成,TMCache,TMDiskCache和TMMemoryCache。TMCache对TMDiskCache和TMMemoryCache进行了封装,其本身并未做实质的缓存工作。

    TMCache:

    TMCache拥有一个concurrent queue,基本上所有存取对象的操作都在这个queue中进行,可以进行异步或者同步存取(异步方法是主体,同步方法是通过信号量将异步变为同步的)。

    异步取对象方法

    - TMCache先在TMMemoryCache中取,如果没有再在TMDiskCache中取

    - 另外每次将block添加到queue之前,都要捕获self ,并且在block中判断self是否还存在

    - 在TMDiskCache中取到对象之后,立即将对象存到TMMemoryCache,这样下次就直接可以从TMMemoryCache中获取了

    - (void)objectForKey:(NSString *)key block:(TMCacheObjectBlock)block
    {
        if (!key || !block)
            return;
    
        __weak TMCache *weakSelf = self;
    
        dispatch_async(_queue, ^{
            TMCache *strongSelf = weakSelf;
            if (!strongSelf)
                return;
    
            __weak TMCache *weakSelf = strongSelf;
            
            [strongSelf->_memoryCache objectForKey:key block:^(TMMemoryCache *cache, NSString *key, id object) {
                TMCache *strongSelf = weakSelf;
                if (!strongSelf)
                    return;
                
                if (object) {
                    [strongSelf->_diskCache fileURLForKey:key block:^(TMDiskCache *cache, NSString *key, id <NSCoding> object, NSURL *fileURL) {
                        // update the access time on disk
                    }];
    
                    __weak TMCache *weakSelf = strongSelf;
                    
                    dispatch_async(strongSelf->_queue, ^{
                        TMCache *strongSelf = weakSelf;
                        if (strongSelf)
                            block(strongSelf, key, object);
                    });
                } else {
                    __weak TMCache *weakSelf = strongSelf;
    
                    [strongSelf->_diskCache objectForKey:key block:^(TMDiskCache *cache, NSString *key, id <NSCoding> object, NSURL *fileURL) {
                        TMCache *strongSelf = weakSelf;
                        if (!strongSelf)
                            return;
                        
                        [strongSelf->_memoryCache setObject:object forKey:key block:nil];
                        
                        __weak TMCache *weakSelf = strongSelf;
                        
                        dispatch_async(strongSelf->_queue, ^{
                            TMCache *strongSelf = weakSelf;
                            if (strongSelf)
                                block(strongSelf, key, object);
                        });
                    }];
                }
            }];
        });
    }
    

    异步存对象的方法:

    - 同时存到磁盘和内存中,使用dispatch_group_create();dispatch_group_enter(group);dispatch_group_leave(group)和

    dispatch_group_notify(group,queue,block)保持两个操作的同步(两个操作都完成后,才算是成功) 

    - (void)setObject:(id <NSCoding>)object forKey:(NSString *)key block:(TMCacheObjectBlock)block
    {
        if (!key || !object)
            return;
    
        dispatch_group_t group = nil;
        TMMemoryCacheObjectBlock memBlock = nil;
        TMDiskCacheObjectBlock diskBlock = nil;
        
        if (block) {
            group = dispatch_group_create();
            dispatch_group_enter(group);
            dispatch_group_enter(group);
            
            memBlock = ^(TMMemoryCache *cache, NSString *key, id object) {
                dispatch_group_leave(group);
            };
            
            diskBlock = ^(TMDiskCache *cache, NSString *key, id <NSCoding> object, NSURL *fileURL) {
                dispatch_group_leave(group);
            };
        }
        
        [_memoryCache setObject:object forKey:key block:memBlock];
        [_diskCache setObject:object forKey:key block:diskBlock];
        
        if (group) {
            __weak TMCache *weakSelf = self;
            dispatch_group_notify(group, _queue, ^{
                TMCache *strongSelf = weakSelf;
                if (strongSelf)
                    block(strongSelf, key, object);
            });
            
            #if !OS_OBJECT_USE_OBJC
            dispatch_release(group);
            #endif
        }
    }
    

     同步存对象:

    - 使用dispatch_semaphore_t将上述异步方法变为同步。

    - (void)setObject:(id <NSCoding>)object forKey:(NSString *)key
    {
        if (!object || !key)
            return;
        
        dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
    
        [self setObject:object forKey:key block:^(TMCache *cache, NSString *key, id object) {
            dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
        }];
    
        dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    
        #if !OS_OBJECT_USE_OBJC
        dispatch_release(semaphore);
        #endif
    }
    

     TMDiskCache

    - 拥有一个serialed queue,基本所有存取操作都在这个queue中进行,由于是串行queue,所以保证了线程安全。

    -初始化时,扫描缓存所在的文件夹,用dictionary记录每个缓存对象文件的修改日期(最后一次访问的日期),大小,并在以后的存、取缓存时更新(将来用作删除缓存的依据)

    - 以磁盘文件的url(处理后)为key,使用NSKeyedUnarchiver进行存取(每次取,都要更新最后一次访问日期)

     - 拥有will/didAddObjectBlock,will/didRemoveObjectBlock,will/didRemoveAllObjectsBlock在进行相关操作前后分别调用

    TMMemoryCache:

    - 拥有一个并行(concurrent) queue,存对象,和删除对象的时候,使用dispatch_barrier_async,保证线程安全

    dispatch_barrier_async,作用是在开始执行barrier block时,检查并行队列中是否有其他正在执行的block,如果有就先将它们执行完而且不执行其他尚未执行的block,然后再执行barrier block,barrier block执行完毕后,再执行其他block

    - 拥有didReceiveMemoryWarningBlock,didEnterBackgroundBlock,对内存警告和进入后台进行处理

    - 使用dictionary存储key和缓存对象

    PINCache 是TMCache 的一个fork,解决了重度使用TMCache造成的死锁问题(为什么死锁?还没有搞明白)。它保证线程安全的方式是使用semaphore.(DiskCache中的queue也是并行的) 

    - 初始化时创建一个 dispatch_semaphore_t  lockSemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1) (注意创建时的value 是 1)

    - 之后对于所有可能不安全的操作均放在dispatch_semaphore_wait(_lockSemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER) 和dispatch_semaphore_signal(_lockSemaphore)之间进行,即以下的lock 和unlock 方法之间

    - (void)lock
    {
        dispatch_semaphore_wait(_lockSemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    }
    
    - (void)unlock
    {
        dispatch_semaphore_signal(_lockSemaphore);
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/beddup/p/5389587.html
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