刚接触node.js,对前端的一些东西还不是很清楚,据说Gulp这东西很强大,先来看看从网上抄的一段关于自动化构建的描述:
在为数众多的中小型软件作坊中,不存在自动化构建和发布工具。构建、交付准备环境、代码发布全由手工完成,同样还有运行测试、备份旧版本、新版本打标签以及许多其他重复的事情。毕竟你可能认为这全是非常简单的工作,集成开发环境通过按钮或快捷键就可构建项目,你开启两个窗口拖放少许文件或文件夹即可完成网站发布。但当你在维护代码库和应用时所有这些事情加在一起,这里几分钟,那里几分钟,最终会浪费几个小时。
后续:
经过本人最近一段时间的尝试和探索,发现Gulp的作用如下(纯个人观点,很可能误导):
1.重构正式运行的文件夹目录结构,因为有时候在开发时候的最优选择未必是发布时候的最优目录结构。
2.自动压缩CSS/JS
3.配合Browser-Sync这类的浏览器自动工具,还有一些测试工具,从而实现真正的自动化测试。
本人尝试Gulp的过程如下:
所用IDE:VS 2012 并安装node.js tools插件
1.新建一个Node.Js express 4项目,会给新建一个welcome的node.js程序。
2.通过npm引用相关包,我用到的包有:
gulp、del、run-sequence、gulp-jade、gulp-concat、gulp-uglify、gulp-rename
3.在原来新建好的welcome的项目基础上,我再public/javascripts下面新建了个js文件,叫test.js,内容随便写几行js。
4.根目录下新建个gulpfile.js,然后在cmd中cd到网站根目录下,或者直接右键点击项目,选择open command xxxx,然后敲个gulp(如果报错,先全局安装gulp再试)相信里面的注释已经比较清楚了。
1 'use strict'; 2 var gulp=require('gulp');//引用类库,相当于.net中的using 3 var plugins = { 4 del: require('del'), 5 runSequence: require('run-sequence'), 6 jade: require('gulp-jade'), 7 concat: require('gulp-concat'), 8 uglify: require('gulp-uglify'), 9 rename:require('gulp-rename') 10 }; 11 var jade = plugins.jade; 12 var concat = plugins.concat; 13 gulp.task('default', function (callback) {//default是入口 14 plugins.runSequence( 15 'task-clean', 16 ['task-script'], 17 'task-jade', 18 callback 19 ); 20 }); 21 gulp.task('task-clean', function (callback) { 22 plugins.del(['./dist/*.*'],callback());//清理dist文件夹中原来的东西 23 }); 24 gulp.task('task-script', function () { 25 gulp.src('public/javascripts/*.js', { base:'public'}) 26 .pipe(plugins.uglify())//js压缩 27 .pipe(plugins.rename({extname:'.min.js'}))//重命名 28 .pipe(gulp.dest('dist'));//输出到dist目录 29 }); 30 var watcher= gulp.watch('public/javascripts/*.js', ['task-script']);//监控这个文件夹,有变化了运行task-script task 31 watcher.on('change', function (e) { 32 console.log('File ' + e.path + ' was ' + e.type + ', running tasks...');//变化了之后控制台打印一下,方便调试 33 });
===========后续,文件更改自动刷新浏览器=====================
5.既然文件都变了,那肯定要重置当前的浏览器状态,让他自己来刷新,免得我们每次都得手动去做这件事情,这时候我们就需要引入Browser-Sync,直接贴代码比较清晰一点
1 //构建Gulp Task,用来启动一个mini Server,Host你的网站 2 gulp.task('browser-sync', function () { 3 plugins.browserSync.init({ 4 server: { 5 baseDir: './dist' 6 }, 7 port: 8888 8 }) 9 }); 10 //gulp task:刷新浏览器 11 gulp.task('bs-reload', function () { 12 plugins.browserSync.reload(); 13 console.log("模块重新构建成功".green); 14 }); 15 var watcher = gulp.watch( 16 ['public/javascripts/*.js','index.html'], 17 ['task-script', 'task-index', 'bs-reload']);//监控这个文件夹,有变化了运行task,最后刷浏览器
6.JS/CSS加上时间戳,防止因为浏览器缓存造成的各种操蛋的问题。
//在构建Html的时候,去给Html中的引用加上版本号,而不是在构建JS的时候,我犯过这错误 gulp.task('task-index', function () { var version = (new Date).valueOf() + ''; gulp.src('index.html') .pipe(plugins.replace('.js"></script>', '.min.js?v=' + version + '"></script>')) .pipe(gulp.dest('dist')); console.log('task-index 构建成功'.green); });
7. 参数化构建,把一些东西写到配置里面,优化一把
var gulp=require('gulp'); var del=require('del'); var runSequence=require('run-sequence'); var concat=require('gulp-concat'); var uglify=require('gulp-uglify'); var rename=require('gulp-rename'); var colors=require('colors'); var browserSync=require('browser-sync').create(); var appConfig={ appPath:require("./browser.json").appPath||'src', //配置源文件路径 dist:'dist',//配置打包路径 isDebug:true//配置编译方式 }; var assets= appConfig.appPath+'/assets/'; var watchPath={ scripts:[assets+'scripts/**/*.js'], styles:[assets+'styles/**/*.css'], plugins:[assets+'plugins/**/*.*'], images:[assets+'images/**/*.*'] }; gulp.task('main',function(){ runSequence(); }); gulp.task('clean',function(callback){ del([appConfig.dist+'/*.*'],callback); }); gulp.task('scripts',function(){ var gulpStream=gulp.src(watchPath.scripts,{base:appConfig.appPath}); if(appConfig.isDebug){ gulpStream=gulpStream.pipe(uglify()); } return gulpStream.pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); console.log('scripts bulid complete'.green); });
8.Bower自动添加引用到首页。
gulp.task('bower', function () { return gulp.src([paths.views.main]) .pipe(wiredep({ directory: 'bower_components', //exclude: [], //ignorePath: '/^(../)*../' ignorePath: '..' })) .pipe(gulp.dest('app')); });
9.模块化构建项目,自动刷新浏览器
var gulp=require('gulp'); var del=require('del'); var runSequence=require('run-sequence'); var concat=require('gulp-concat'); var uglify=require('gulp-uglify'); var rename=require('gulp-rename'); var colors=require('colors'); var cssnano = require('gulp-cssnano'); var browserSync=require('browser-sync').create(); var wiredep=require("wiredep").stream; var mainBowerFiles = require('main-bower-files'); var appConfig={ appPath:require("./bower.json").appPath||'src', //配置源文件路径 dist:'dist/',//配置打包路径 isDebug:true//配置编译方式 }; var assets= appConfig.appPath+'/assets'; var bowerPath=assets+"/plugins"; var watchPath={ scripts:[assets+'/scripts/**/*.js'], styles:[assets+'/styles/**/*.css'], plugins:[assets+'/plugins/**/*.*'], images:[assets+'/images/**/*.*'], main:appConfig.appPath+'/index.html', views:appConfig.appPath+'/views/**/*.html', js:appConfig.appPath+'/js/**/*.js', theme:appConfig.appPath+'/theme/**/*.html' }; gulp.watch(watchPath.scripts,['scripts','reload']); gulp.watch(watchPath.styles,['styles','reload']); gulp.watch(watchPath.plugins,['plugins','reload']); gulp.watch(watchPath.images,['images','reload']); gulp.watch('./bower.json',['bower','main-bower-files','reload']); gulp.watch([watchPath.views,watchPath.main],['views','reload']); gulp.watch(watchPath.js,['js','reload']); gulp.watch(watchPath.theme,['theme','reload']); gulp.task('clean',function(){ del([appConfig.dist+'/*.*']); console.log('clean task complete!'.green); }); gulp.task('scripts',function(){ var gulpStream=gulp.src(watchPath.scripts,{base:appConfig.appPath}); if(!appConfig.isDebug){ gulpStream=gulpStream.pipe(uglify()); } console.log('scripts bulid complete'.green); return gulpStream.pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); }); gulp.task('styles',function(){ var gulpStream=gulp.src(watchPath.styles,{base:appConfig.appPath}); if(!appConfig.isDebug){ gulpStream=gulpStream.pipe(cssnano()); } console.log('styles bulid complete'.green); return gulpStream.pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); }); gulp.task('bower', function () { return gulp.src([watchPath.main]) .pipe(wiredep({ directory: bowerPath, //exclude: [], //ignorePath: '/^(../)*../' })) .pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.appPath)); }); gulp.task('js',function(){ gulp.src(watchPath.js,{base:appConfig.appPath}) .pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); }); gulp.task('theme',function(){ gulp.src(watchPath.theme,{base:appConfig.appPath}) .pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); }); gulp.task('views',['bower'],function(){ gulp.src([watchPath.views,watchPath.main],{base:appConfig.appPath}) .pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); console.log('Html bulid complete'.green); }); gulp.task("main-bower-files", function(){ return gulp.src(mainBowerFiles(), { base: appConfig.appPath }) .pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); }); gulp.task('images',function(){ gulp.src(watchPath.images,{base:appConfig.appPath}) .pipe(gulp.dest(appConfig.dist)); }); gulp.task('reload', function () { browserSync.reload(); console.log("模块重新构建成功".green); }); gulp.task('serve', ['clean','views','theme','images', 'js','styles', 'scripts','main-bower-files'], function() { console.log('Build Complate!Server Strarting......'); browserSync.init({ server: { baseDir: './dist' }, port: 8888 }) }); gulp.task('default', ['serve']);