前言:
分页大家应该都很清楚,今天我来给大家做一下Django的rest_framework的分页组件的分析;我的讲解的思路是这样的,分别使用APIview的视图类和基于ModelViewSet的视图类两种方式实现分页的功能,同时我也会介绍两个分页的类,PageNumberPagination类和LimitOffsetPagination,希望能对大家有所帮助!
今天的博客主要的这样的,先讲解基于APIView类的两种分页类的实现方式,然后在讲解基于ModelViewSet类的两种分页类的实现方式
正文:
一、基于APIView的视图类,使用PageNumberPagination
1、先导入我们要用到的分页的类
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
2、下面我们来看下这个这个类的类是属性
class PageNumberPagination(BasePagination): """ A simple page number based style that supports page numbers as query parameters. For example: http://api.example.org/accounts/?page=4 http://api.example.org/accounts/?page=4&page_size=100 """ # The default page size. # Defaults to `None`, meaning pagination is disabled. page_size = api_settings.PAGE_SIZE django_paginator_class = DjangoPaginator # Client can control the page using this query parameter. page_query_param = 'page' page_query_description = _('A page number within the paginated result set.') # Client can control the page size using this query parameter. # Default is 'None'. Set to eg 'page_size' to enable usage. page_size_query_param = None page_size_query_description = _('Number of results to return per page.') # Set to an integer to limit the maximum page size the client may request. # Only relevant if 'page_size_query_param' has also been set. max_page_size = None last_page_strings = ('last',) template = 'rest_framework/pagination/numbers.html' invalid_page_message = _('Invalid page.')
这里我们重点介绍一下类的属性,重点的参数如下,等下我们会测试的
3、然后看下类的paginate_queryset方法,这个方法主要就是用来显示数据的
def paginate_queryset(self, queryset, request, view=None): """ Paginate a queryset if required, either returning a page object, or `None` if pagination is not configured for this view. """ page_size = self.get_page_size(request) if not page_size: return None paginator = self.django_paginator_class(queryset, page_size) page_number = request.query_params.get(self.page_query_param, 1) if page_number in self.last_page_strings: page_number = paginator.num_pages try: self.page = paginator.page(page_number) except InvalidPage as exc: msg = self.invalid_page_message.format( page_number=page_number, message=six.text_type(exc) ) raise NotFound(msg) if paginator.num_pages > 1 and self.template is not None: # The browsable API should display pagination controls. self.display_page_controls = True self.request = request return list(self.page)
4、PageNumberPagination用到知识点,我们已经讲解完了,下面我们介绍下如何使用,首先我们先继承一下PageNumberPagination,然后自定义我们的参数
class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination): page_size = 1 page_query_param = "mypage" page_size_query_param = "size" max_page_size = 4 last_page_strings = ('mylast',)
5、然后在视图类中使用我们自己写的分页类
class Book_cbv(APIView): authentication_classes = [] # permission_classes = [SVIPpermission(),] # throttle_classes = [throttlerate(),] # parser_classes = [] def get(self,request): query_list = models.Book.objects.all() mypageobj = MyPageNumberPagination() obj = mypageobj.paginate_queryset(queryset=query_list,request=request,view=None) bs = bookmodelserializer(obj,many=True,context={'request': request})
重点看下这里,关注一下paginate_queryset这个方法的参数,和源码中的参数对应一下
源码中的参数
6、下面我们测试一下
每页显示一条数据,显示第一页
每页显示1条数据,显示第二页
类中设定每页显示1条数据,我们临时修改为显示2条数据,显示第一页
类中设定每页显示1条数据,我们临时修改为显示5条数据,显示第一页,理论上5是不生效的,实际只显示了4条数据
经过测试,我们上面的四个参数都已经生效
最后在补充一点,上面的每页显示多少条的设置针对单个表生效,如何基于所有的表生效。
class PageNumberPagination(BasePagination): """ A simple page number based style that supports page numbers as query parameters. For example: http://api.example.org/accounts/?page=4 http://api.example.org/accounts/?page=4&page_size=100 """ # The default page size. # Defaults to `None`, meaning pagination is disabled. page_size = api_settings.PAGE_SIZE
然后看下api_setttings水里对象
api_settings = APISettings(None, DEFAULTS, IMPORT_STRINGS)
看下APISettigns这个类
def __init__(self, user_settings=None, defaults=None, import_strings=None): if user_settings: self._user_settings = self.__check_user_settings(user_settings) self.defaults = defaults or DEFAULTS self.import_strings = import_strings or IMPORT_STRINGS self._cached_attrs = set()
到了这里,我们大致就知道了,我们需要进入我们的project的settings文件中进行设置
REST_FRAMEWORK = { # "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":( # "app1.utils.Book_auther", # ), # "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES_CLASSES": ( # "app1.utils.SVIPpermission", # ), # "DEFAULT_DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES_CLASSES": ( # "app1.utils.throttlerate", # ) "PAGE_SIZE" : 2, }
二、基于APIView的视图类,使用LimitOffsetPagination类
1、导入LimitOffsetPagination类
from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination
2、我们同样看下这个类的属性
class LimitOffsetPagination(BasePagination): """ A limit/offset based style. For example: http://api.example.org/accounts/?limit=100 http://api.example.org/accounts/?offset=400&limit=100 """ default_limit = api_settings.PAGE_SIZE limit_query_param = 'limit' limit_query_description = _('Number of results to return per page.') offset_query_param = 'offset' offset_query_description = _('The initial index from which to return the results.') max_limit = None template = 'rest_framework/pagination/numbers.html'
重点看下下面几个属性
3、然后看下LimitOffsetPagination类的paginate_queryset的方法
def paginate_queryset(self, queryset, request, view=None): self.count = self.get_count(queryset) self.limit = self.get_limit(request) if self.limit is None: return None self.offset = self.get_offset(request) self.request = request if self.count > self.limit and self.template is not None: self.display_page_controls = True if self.count == 0 or self.offset > self.count: return [] return list(queryset[self.offset:self.offset + self.limit])
4、然后我们看下如何在我们的视图类中使用这个分页插件,其实和前面的插件的用法是一样的,只是参数不一样而已
class Book_cbv(APIView): authentication_classes = [] # permission_classes = [SVIPpermission(),] # throttle_classes = [throttlerate(),] # parser_classes = [] def get(self,request): query_list = models.Book.objects.all() # mypageobj = MyPageNumberPagination() # obj = mypageobj.paginate_queryset(queryset=query_list,request=request,view=None) mypageobj = MyLimitOffsetPagination() obj = mypageobj.paginate_queryset(queryset=query_list,request=request,view=None) bs = bookmodelserializer(obj,many=True,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data)
重点是这里
5、最后我们测试一下
默认不传参数,每页显示2条
临时修改每页显示为1个,偏移量为1
临时修改每页显示1条,偏移量为2
三、基于ModelViewSet的视图类,实现分页功能
通过上面的讲解,我们知道两个分页的类就是参数不一样,使用的逻辑都一样,我们这里就不分开讲解2个类,只讲一下如何ModelViewSet类实现分页
1、先看下基于ModelViewSet的视图类
from rest_framework import viewsets class AutherModelCBV(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Auther.objects.all() serializer_class = authermodelserializer
2、因为这个ModelViewSet这个类重写了list方法,分页肯定在list方法中,所以我们先要找到list方法,ModelViewSet这个类一共有4个父类
3、我们看下mixins.ListModelMixin这个类,因为list方法是在这个类中实现的,进入这个类,看下list方法
class ListModelMixin(object): """ List a queryset. """ def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset()) page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset) if page is not None: serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True) return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True) return Response(serializer.data)
4、重点看下paginate_queryset这个方法,首先要先找到这个方法
5、如果找这个方法呢,我们从最开始找这个方法
首先AutherModelCBV这个类没有这个方法
from rest_framework import viewsets class AutherModelCBV(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Auther.objects.all() serializer_class = authermodelserializer
然后去ModelViewSet类中找这个方法,同样没有
class ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet): """ A viewset that provides default `create()`, `retrieve()`, `update()`, `partial_update()`, `destroy()` and `list()` actions. """ pass
ModelViewSet这个类继承了有5个类,我们从左到右一个一个看,最终在GenericViewSet,我们看到这个类还继承了2个类
class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): """ The GenericViewSet class does not provide any actions by default, but does include the base set of generic view behavior, such as the `get_object` and `get_queryset` methods. """ pass
再次从左到右依次查找paginate_queryset这个方法,最终下面这个类中找到这个方法
class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
方法的源码如下
def paginate_queryset(self, queryset): """ Return a single page of results, or `None` if pagination is disabled. """ if self.paginator is None: return None return self.paginator.paginate_queryset(queryset, self.request, view=self)
那么这个paginator是什么呢,原来他是静态方法
@property def paginator(self): """ The paginator instance associated with the view, or `None`. """ if not hasattr(self, '_paginator'): if self.pagination_class is None: self._paginator = None else: self._paginator = self.pagination_class() return self._paginator
到这里,我们就非常清楚的了,我们需要在我们自己的视图类中定义一个这样的属性,然后把我们的分页类赋值给pagination_class这个属性就可以了
6、然后看下在ModelViewSet类中如何操作
from rest_framework import viewsets class AutherModelCBV(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Auther.objects.all() serializer_class = authermodelserializer pagination_class = MyPageNumberPagination
重点看下这里
最后我们测试一下
下面这个是我们禁用分页的显示效果
下面开始启用分页的效果,显示第一页
显示第二页的效果
总结:至此,Django的Rest_framework的分页组件就介绍完了,大家有不清楚的,可以留言,我们共同进步。