• python学习笔记


    Python学习笔记

    2021/12/6

    注释

    注释以#开头,python将忽略这一行
    	 单行注释:
    	 	# 单行注释
         多行注释:
        	# 多行注释1
            # 多行注释2
            # 多行注释3
    

    变量

    python只需要在给对象赋值的时候创建对象,并不需要给变量指定任何特定类型的声明,甚至可以在设置后过呢更改类型。
    	eg:
            x = 5 # x is of type int
            x = "Steve" # x is now of type str
            print(x)
    ··················································        
    	字符串变量可以用单引号/双引号进行声明
                x = "Bill"
                # is the same as
                x = 'Bill'		
    ··················································	
    	可以一行中为多个变量赋值 
    			x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
    ··················································
    	函数的定义:
    		def 函数名:
    		(空格)函数体
    	
    	注意:在python中空格是控制代码块的
    ··················································	
    	局部变量:
    		当函数内外同时存在一个相同名称的变量的时候,函数中调用的是函数内部的变量。
    		eg:
                x = "awesome" #全局变量
                def myfunc():#函数的定义
                  x = "asd" 
                  print("Python is " + x) 
                myfunc() #调用myfunc函数,输出Python is asd #
                print("Python is " + x) #Python is awesome
    ··················································		
    	全局变量
    		在函数外部创建的变量称之为全局变量,全局变量可以在任何地方使用
    		在函数内部创建的变量,在使用global关键字声明后,该变量属于全局范围
    		eg:
                    def myfunc():
                      global x
                      x = "fantastic"
                      print("Python is " + x) #Python is fantastic
                    myfunc()
                    print("Python is " + x) #Python is fantastic
                    
    	另外,如果要在函数内部改变全局变量的值,使用global关键字引用该变量
    		eg:
                x = "awesome"
                def myfunc():
                  global x
                  x = "fantastic"
                myfunc()
                print("Python is " + x) #Python is fantastic
    	
    

    数据类型

    设置数据类型

    设定特定的数据类型

    如果希望指定数据类型,泽可以使用一下的构造函数:

    数字

    三种数字类型
    	int(整数) 整数或负数,长度不限  x = 10
        float(小数) 包含小数的正数或负数 y = 2.1
        complex(复数) 用"j"作为虚部编写 z= 2i
        
        验证python中任何对象的类型,使用type()函数
        	eg:
    			x = 10
                print(type(x)) 
    ··················································
    类型转换
    	eg:
            x = 10 #整型
            y = 1.2#小数
            z = 1j#复数
            
            a = float(x)#将整数转换成小数
            b = int(y)#将小数转换成整数
            c = complex(x)#将整数转换成复数
            
            print(a)
            print(b)
            print(c)
            
            print(type(a))
            print(type(b))
            print(type(c))
            
            
            
    

    2021/12/7

    布尔

    当对两个数据进行比较的时候,返回的值就是true或false
               
    ··················································
    
    	字符串:除空字符串外,均为true
        数字:除0外,均为true
        除空列表外,任何列表、元组、集合和字典均为true
    ··················································
    ··················································
        
        注意:当一个值或者对象的计算结果为false,即如果对象由带有_len_函数的类生成的,且该函数返回0或者false
        	eg:
                class myclass():
                  def __len__(self):
                    return 0
    
                myobj = myclass()
                print(bool(myobj))
    ··················································
                
        instance()函数:可以用于阙清对象是否具有某种数据类型
        	eg:
                x = 200
                print(instace(x,int))#判断x是不是int类型的数据
    

    运算符

    算术运算符
    赋值运算符
    比较运算符
    逻辑运算符
    身份运算符
    成员运算符
    位运算符
    

    算术运算符

    + 加
    
    - 减
    
    * 乘
    
    / 除 
    	整除会显示
    		x.0 
    	若有小数会显示
    		x.(小数点后16位)
    % 取余
    
    ** 幂
    
    // 整除
    
    

    赋值运算符(感觉和java很相似)


    下图是对&=、|=、^=、>>=、<<=的补充说明

    比较运算符

    逻辑运算符

    身份运算符

    成员运算符

    位运算符

    集合

    概述

    列表list  有序,可更改,允许重复 
    	元素用[]进行包裹,每个元素用"",包裹,之间用,隔开
        	eg:
                x = ["apple","banana"]
        
    元组tuple 有序,不可更改,允许重复
    	元素用()包裹
        	eg:
                 x = ("apple","banana")
    
    集合set 无序,无索引,没有重复
    	元素用{}包裹
        	eg:
                 x = {"apple","banana"}
        
    字典dictionary 无序,可更改,有索引,没有重复的元素
    	元素用{}包裹,key:value的形式,个人感觉像Java的map
        	eg:
                x = {"name":"Bill","age":18}
    

    list列表

    	遍历列表:(for+in关键字)
        	eg:
                thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
                for x in thislist:
                  print(x)     
    ··················································
                
        检查项目是否存在(if+in关键字)
        	eg:
                thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
                if "apple" in thislist:
                  print("Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list")   
    ··················································
                
        列表长度
        	eg:
                thislist = ["apple","banana"]
                print(len(thislist)) #2
    ··················································
    
    	添加:
        append()方法(在最后面进行追加)、insert()方法(在指定索引位置添加,列表名.insert(索引, 要添加的数据) )
    
    
    
    列表方法

    tuple元组(同上)

    元组方法

    set集合

    set集合方法

    dict字典

    dict字典方法

  • 相关阅读:
    nput keyup 500ms 延时输入 事件处理
    browser-sync默认地址如何转成127.0.0.1
    overflow:scroll-css知识备忘
    圆角的css样式
    支付宝开发
    C#代码与javaScript函数的相互调用
    高性能web开发 如何加载JS,JS应该放在什么位置?
    Makefile自动生成头文件依赖
    一步步教你如何写Makefile
    (一):U-BOOT启动分析--概述
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/baicia/p/15651819.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知