一.模块安装
#服务端 yum install ansible #客户端 yum install -y libselinux-python (被监控的机器可安装)
二. 常用模块
command
不指定模块默认command模块
#chdir---在执行这个命令前,先切换目录 [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.31 -m command -a "chdir=/etc/ pwd" 172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> /etc #creates---判断一个文件是否存在,如果已经存在了,后面的命令就不会执行 [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "creates=/etc/rsyncd.conf hostname" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> skipped, since /etc/rsyncd.conf exists [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "creates=/etc/rsyncd.123456 hostname" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> backup #参数:removes---判断一个文件是否存在,如果不存在,后面的命令就不会执行 [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "removes=/etc/rsyncd.conf hostname" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> backup [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "removes=/etc/rsyncd.1212213123 hostname" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> skipped, since /etc/rsyncd.1212213123 does not exist #参数(必须要有的):free_form---表示执行command模块时,必须要有linux合法命令信息 ansible 172.16.1.41 -m command -a "ls" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> anaconda-ks.cfg dead.letter
shell模块(万能模块)
参数:chdir---在执行这个命令前,先切换目录
参数:creates---判断一个文件是否存在,如果已经存在了,后面的命令就不会执行
参数:removes---判断一个文件是否存在,如果不存在,后面的命令就不会执行
参数(必须要有的):free_form---表示执行command模块时,必须要有linux合法命令信息
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m shell -a "ls;pwd" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> anaconda-ks.cfg
说明:shell模块可以满足command模块所有功能,并且可以支持识别特殊字符信息 < > | ;
script---专门运行脚本模块
参数:chdir---在执行莫个命令前,先切换目录
参数:creates---判断一个文件是否存在,如果已经存在了,后面的命令就不会执行
参数:removes---判断一个文件是否存在,如果不存在,后面的命令就不会执行
参数(必须要有的):free_form---表示执行command模块时,必须要有linux合法命令信息
文件类型模块:
copy----复制模块
参数:backup---对数据信息进行备份
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m copy -a "src=/tmp/file01.txt dest=/tmp/ backup=yes" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => { "backup_file": "/tmp/file01.txt.71887.2018-04-02@23:33:19~", "changed": true, "checksum": "029b054db136cc36d5605e3818305825ff4b8ffb", "dest": "/tmp/file01.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "434660b5ad7deeba8815349f71409405", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 6, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1522683197.05-52744169892601/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 }
#参数:src---定义要推送数据信息 #参数:dest---定义将数据推送到远程主机什么目录中 [root@m01 ansible]# touch /tmp/file01.txt [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m copy -a "src=/tmp/file01.txt dest=/tmp/" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", "dest": "/tmp/file01.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1522682948.27-60532389065095/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } [root@m01 ansible]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> total 24 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 2 23:29 file01.txt
file----文件属性修改/目录创建/文件创建
参数:owner---设置复制后的文件属主权限
参数:group---设置复制后的文件属组权限
参数:mode---设置复制后的文件权限(600 755)
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a "dest=/tmp/file01.txt owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=600" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "gid": 500, "group": "oldboy", "mode": "0600", "owner": "oldboy", "path": "/tmp/file01.txt", "size": 6, "state": "file", "uid": 500 } 参数:state---用于指定创建目录或文件 创建文件 ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a "dest=/tmp/file01.txt state=touch" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/file01.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 创建目录: ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a "dest=/tmp/dir01 state=directory" 172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/dir01", "size": 4096, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 }
包管理模块类型
yum---安装软件包模块
#name:执行要安装软件的名称,以及软件的版本 #state:installed安装 absent(卸载) ansible 172.16.1.41 -m yum -a "name=iftop state=installed" ansible 172.16.1.41 -m yum -a "name=iftop state=absent" list:指定软件名称,查看软件是否可以安装,以及是否已经安装过了 ansible 172.16.1.41 -m yum -a "list=iftop"
系统模块类型
service---管理服务状态模块
name: 指定要管理的服务名称(管理的服务一定在chkconfig中可以看到)
state:stopped started restarted reloaded
enabled:yes表示服务开机自启动 no表示服务开机不要自动启动
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
cron---定时任务模块
* * * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null minute=0-59 * */n , - hour day month weekday job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null'
添加定时任务
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null'" ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy02 minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null'"
删除定时任务
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy02 minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null' state=absent" ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy01 state=absent"
注释定时任务
ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy01 minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null' disabled=yes" ansible 172.16.1.41 -m cron -a "name=oldboy01 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null' disabled=no"
day
hour
minute
month
weekday
name:任务名
special_time :指定什么时候执行
state:确认任务计划是创建还是删除 absent删除
user 哪个用户
总结ansible颜色信息:
绿色:查看远程主机信息,不会对远程主机系统做任何修改
红色:执行操作出现异常错误
黄色:对远程主机系统进行修改操作
粉色:警告或者忠告信息
[root@m01 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/h test -m ping 10.0.0.5 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 10.0.0.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
ansible_ssh_user #指定用户
ansible_ssh_pass #指定密码
ansible_ssh_port #指定端口号
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [test] lb1 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.0.5 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22 [root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m ping lb1 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } [root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [lb] lb1 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.5 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22 lb2 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.6 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22 [web] web1 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22 web2 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.8 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22 web3 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.9 ansible_ssh_user="root" ansible_ssh_pass="123456" ansible_ssh_port=22 [root@m01 ~]# ansible lb:web -m ping lb1 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } web2 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } web1 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } web3 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } lb2 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
ansible <host-pattern> [options]
-v #输出详细信息, -vvv 可得到执行过程所有信息
-i PATH, --inventory=PATH #指定inventory信息 默认/etc/ansible/hosts
-f NUM, --forks=NUM # 并发线程数, 默认5个线程
--private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE # 指定秘钥文件
-m NAME, --module-name=NAME #指定执行使用的模块
-M DIRECTORY #指定模块存路径,默认/usr/share/absible
-a 'ARGUMENTS', --args='ARGUMENTS' #模块参数
-k, --ask-pass SSH # 认证密码
-K, --ask-sudo-pass sudo #用户的密码(--sudo时使用)
-o, --one-line #标准输出至一行
-s, --sudo #相对于linuxsudo
-t DIRECTORY #输出信息至DIRECTORY目录下, 结果文件以远程主机名命名
-T SECONDS, --timeout=SECONDS #指定连接远程主机的最大超时, 单位是秒
-B NUM #后台执行命令 超NUM秒后中止正在执行的任务
-P NUM, --poll=NUM # 定期返回后台任务进度
-u USERNAME, --user=USERNAME #指定远程主机以USERNAME运行命令
-U SUDO_USERNAME # 使用sudo ,相当于linux下的sudo命令
-c CONNECTION #指定连接方式
-l SUBSET # 指定运行主机
-l~REGEX # 指定运行主机正则
--list-hosts # 列出符合条件的主机列表 不执行任何命令
# 检查lb 组所有的主机是否存活
ansible lb -f 2 -m ping ansible lb -f 2 -m ping -vvv
#列出lb组所有主机列表
[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb --list hosts (2): lb1 lb2 [root@m01 ~]# ansible lb --list-hosts hosts (2): lb1 lb2
ansible lb -a "df " ansible lb -m command -a "df "
-f #并发数是cpu的偶数倍 2核 10个线程
#安装
ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=present" ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=installed"
#安装最新版
ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=latest"
#卸载
ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=absent" ansible lb -m yum -a "name=redhat-lsb state=removed"
- state
Whether to install (`present' or `installed', `latest'), or remove
(`absent' or `removed') a package.
`present' and `installed' will simply ensure that a desired package is
installed.
`latest' will update the specified package if it's not of the latest
available version.
`absent' and `removed' will remove the specified package.
(Choices: absent, installed, latest, present, removed)[Default: present]
#查看系统版本号
[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m command -a 'lsb_release -a' lb2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> LSB Version::base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch Distributor ID:CentOS Description:CentOS release 6.5 (Final) Release: 6.5 Codename:Final
#安装 nginx
[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m yum -a "name=nginx state=present" [root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m shell -a "chkconfig --list nginx" lb2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> nginx 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
#启动nginx 并设置为开机启动
[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m service -a "name=nginx state=started enabled=yes" lb1 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "enabled": true, "name": "nginx", "state": "started" } [root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/nginx status" lb1 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> nginx (pid 30057) is running...
#检查是否开机自启动
[root@m01 ~]# ansible lb -a "chkconfig --list nginx" lb1 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off