• 【原创】开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用(12)C#随机数扩展方法


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    开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用总目录:【目录】开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用总目录

    前言

      真正意义上的随机数(或者随机事件)在某次产生过程中是按照实验过程中表现的分布概率随机产生的,其结果是不可预测的,是不可见的。而计算机中的随机函数是按照一定算法模拟产生的,其结果是确定的,是可见的。我们可以这样认为这个可预见的结果其出现的概率是100%。所以用计算机随机函数所产生的“随机数”并不随机,是伪随机数。伪随机数的作用在开发中的使用非常常见,因此.NET在System命名空间,提供了一个简单的Random随机数生成类型。但这个类型并不能满足所有的需求,本节开始就将陆续介绍Math.NET中有关随机数的扩展以及其他伪随机生成算法编写的随机数生成器。

      今天要介绍的是基于System.Random的扩展方法。

      如果本文显示有问题,请参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4301544.html

    1.Random的扩展方法类

      Rondom扩展及随机数相关的类都在Math.NET的MathNet.Numerics.Random命名空间,今天要介绍的 RandomExtensions 类是 扩展Random的静态方法类,可以直接在System.Random的对象上使用,相关功能介绍:

    1.可以直接返回填充0-1随机数据的数组,如NextDoubles方法

    2.可以返回一个无限长度的IEnumerable接口对象,一直迭代返回double类型的随机数,是NextDoubleSequence方法

    3.类似的还可以返回其他类型的随机数据数组,如NextBytes,NextInt32s等

    4.还可以单独返回Int32类型和Int64类型的随机数,其范围在该类型的所有值域上,如NextFullRangeInt32,NextFullRangeInt64

    5.还可以单独返回Int32类型和Int64类型的随机数,其范围是该类型所有值域上的非负数,如NextInt64;

    2.RandomExtensions类的实现

      作为静态类,使用非常简单,为了方便理解,我将注释进行了部分翻译,贴出该类的所有源码,大家可以参考参考: 

      1 /// <summary>这个类是对System.Random类的扩展,扩展方法可以生成更多类型的伪随机数,而不是仅仅是double和Int32类型</summary>
      2 /// <remarks>这个扩展是线程安全的,并且只有在Math.NET提供的随机数发生器或者RandomSource的继承类中被调用</remarks>
      3 public static class RandomExtensions
      4 {
      5     /// <summary>使用(0-1)范围内的均匀随机数填充1个数组</summary>
      6     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>
      7     /// <param name="values">要填充随机数的数组</param>
      8     /// <remarks>这个扩展是线程安全的,并且只有在Math.NET提供的随机数发生器或者RandomSource的继承类中被调用</remarks>
      9     public static void NextDoubles(this System.Random rnd, double[] values)
     10     {
     11         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;
     12         if (rs != null)
     13         {
     14             rs.NextDoubles(values);
     15             return;
     16         }
     17 
     18         for (var i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
     19         {
     20             values[i] = rnd.NextDouble();
     21         }
     22     }
     23 
     24     /// <summary>返回一个(0-1)范围内的均匀随机数填充1个数组</summary>
     25     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>
     26     /// <param name="count">要返回的数组的长度</param>
     27    
     28     public static double[] NextDoubles(this System.Random rnd, int count)
     29     {
     30         var values = new double[count];
     31         NextDoubles(rnd, values);
     32         return values;
     33     }
     34 
     35     /// <summary>返回1个无限的0-1均匀分布随机数序列</summary>
     36     public static IEnumerable<double> NextDoubleSequence(this System.Random rnd)
     37     {
     38         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;
     39         if (rs != null) return rs.NextDoubleSequence();
     40         return NextDoubleSequenceEnumerable(rnd);
     41     }
     42 
     43     static IEnumerable<double> NextDoubleSequenceEnumerable(System.Random rnd)
     44     {
     45         while (true)
     46         {
     47             yield return rnd.NextDouble();
     48         }
     49     }
     50 
     51     /// <summary>返回1个均匀分布的byte数组</summary>
     52     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>
     53     /// <param name="count">要返回的数组的长度</param>
     54     public static byte[] NextBytes(this System.Random rnd, int count)
     55     {
     56         var values = new byte[count];
     57         rnd.NextBytes(values);
     58         return values;
     59     }
     60 
     61     /// <summary>
     62     /// Fills an array with uniform random numbers greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.
     63     /// </summary>
     64     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>
     65     /// <param name="values">The array to fill with random values.</param>
     66     /// <param name="minInclusive">Lower bound, inclusive.</param>
     67     /// <param name="maxExclusive">Upper bound, exclusive.</param>
     68     public static void NextInt32s(this System.Random rnd, int[] values, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive)
     69     {
     70         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;
     71         if (rs != null)
     72         {
     73             rs.NextInt32s(values, minInclusive, maxExclusive);
     74             return;
     75         }
     76         for (var i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
     77         {
     78             values[i] = rnd.Next(minInclusive, maxExclusive);
     79         }
     80     }
     81 
     82     /// <summary>
     83     /// Returns an infinite sequence of uniform random numbers greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.
     84     /// </summary>
     85     public static IEnumerable<int> NextInt32Sequence(this System.Random rnd, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive)
     86     {
     87         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;
     88         if (rs != null)
     89         {
     90             return rs.NextInt32Sequence(minInclusive, maxExclusive);
     91         }
     92         return NextInt32SequenceEnumerable(rnd, minInclusive, maxExclusive);
     93     }
     94 
     95     static IEnumerable<int> NextInt32SequenceEnumerable(System.Random rnd, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive)
     96     {
     97         while (true)
     98         {
     99             yield return rnd.Next(minInclusive, maxExclusive);
    100         }
    101     }
    102 
    103     /// <summary>返回Int64类型的非负随机数</summary>
    104     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>
    105     /// <returns>
    106     /// A 64-bit signed integer greater than or equal to 0, and less than <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/>; that is, 
    107     /// the range of return values includes 0 but not <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/>.
    108     /// </returns>
    109     /// <seealso cref="NextFullRangeInt64"/>
    110     public static long NextInt64(this System.Random rnd)
    111     {
    112         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (long)];
    113 
    114         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);
    115         var candidate = BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);
    116 
    117         candidate &= long.MaxValue;
    118         return (candidate == long.MaxValue) ? rnd.NextInt64() : candidate;
    119     }
    120 
    121     /// <summary>
    122     /// Returns a random number of the full Int32 range.
    123     /// </summary>
    124     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>
    125     /// <returns>
    126     /// A 32-bit signed integer of the full range, including 0, negative numbers,
    127     /// <see cref="Int32.MaxValue"/> and <see cref="Int32.MinValue"/>.
    128     /// </returns>
    129     /// <seealso cref="System.Random.Next()"/>
    130     public static int NextFullRangeInt32(this System.Random rnd)
    131     {
    132         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (int)];
    133         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);
    134         return BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer, 0);
    135     }
    136 
    137     /// <summary>
    138     /// Returns a random number of the full Int64 range.
    139     /// </summary>
    140     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>
    141     /// <returns>
    142     /// A 64-bit signed integer of the full range, including 0, negative numbers,
    143     /// <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/> and <see cref="Int64.MinValue"/>.
    144     /// </returns>
    145     /// <seealso cref="NextInt64"/>
    146     public static long NextFullRangeInt64(this System.Random rnd)
    147     {
    148         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (long)];
    149         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);
    150         return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);
    151     }
    152 
    153     /// <summary>
    154     /// Returns a nonnegative decimal floating point random number less than 1.0.
    155     /// </summary>
    156     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>
    157     /// <returns>
    158     /// A decimal floating point number greater than or equal to 0.0, and less than 1.0; that is, 
    159     /// the range of return values includes 0.0 but not 1.0.
    160     /// </returns>
    161     public static decimal NextDecimal(this System.Random rnd)
    162     {
    163         decimal candidate;
    164 
    165         // 50.049 % chance that the number is below 1.0. Try until we have one.
    166         // Guarantees that any decimal in the interval can
    167         // indeed be reached, with uniform probability.
    168         do
    169         {
    170             candidate = new decimal(
    171                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),
    172                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),
    173                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),
    174                 false,
    175                 28);
    176         }
    177         while (candidate >= 1.0m);
    178 
    179         return candidate;
    180     }
    181 }

      其使用非常简单,这里就不再举例子。这种扩展大家也应该写过,后面几篇文章将介绍Math.NET中实现的其他算法的随机数发生器。请关注

    3.资源

      源码下载:http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4264638.html

      如果本文显示有问题,请参考本文原文http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4301544.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/Dotnet_Opensource_MathNet_Radom_Extend_12.html
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