• EnterLib PIAB又一个BUG?


    在《这是EnterLib PIAB的BUG吗?》一文中我们讨论了PIAB关于抽象基类的BUG,今天又发现了一个新的问题。问题的起因源于《IoC+AOP的简单实现》这篇文章,因为文中给出的解决方案仅仅支持构造器注入(Constructor Injection),而不能支持属性注入(Property Injection)和方法注入(Method Injection)。这是由于EnterLib的PIAB设计本身就存在缺陷。

    对EnterLib 5.0有一定了解的人都应该知道,在新版本的EnterLib中,原来的ObjectBuild已经完全被Unity代替。PIAB本身也是通过UnityContainer的一个扩展实现的。我们今天介绍的这个问题(也许是BUG,也许不是?自己去分辨吧。不然我说是BUG,又有人不爽了)就是Unity本身的机制导致。

    一、当引入属性注入(Property Injection)之后

    我们现在用最少的代码来模拟这个问题。现在我们创建如下三个类型:Foo、IBar和Bar。Foo继承MarshalByRefObject,类型为IBar的属性上应用了DependencyAttribute,从而Foo对象在被UnityContainer进行创建的过程中,该属性能能够根据注册的类型匹配进行初始化,而Bar实现了接口IBar。

       1: public class Foo : MarshalByRefObject
       2: {
       3:     [Dependency]
       4:     public IBar Bar { get; set; }
       5: }
       6: public interface IBar{}
       7: public class Bar : IBar
       8: {}

    现在,我们直接通过PolicyInjection的Create方法来创建Foo对象

       1: static void Main(string[] args)
       2: {
       3:     var foo = PolicyInjection.Create<Foo>();
       4: }

    当Create方法被执行的时候,系统会抛出如下图所示的ResolutionFailedException异常

    image

    下面是具体的出错信息:

       1: Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ResolutionFailedException was unhandled
       2:   Message=Resolution of the dependency failed, type = "Bug4Piab.Foo", name = "(none)".
       3: Exception occurred while: while resolving.
       4: Exception is: InvalidOperationException - The current type, Bug4Piab.IBar, is an interface and cannot be constructed. Are you missing a type mapping?
       5: -----------------------------------------------
       6: At the time of the exception, the container was:
       7:  
       8:   Resolving Bug4Piab.Foo,(none)
       9:   Resolving value for property Foo.Bar
      10:     Resolving Bug4Piab.IBar,(none)
      11:  
      12:   Source=Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common
      13:   TypeRequested=Foo
      14:   StackTrace:
      15:        at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration.Unity.TransientPolicyBuildUpExtension.DoBuildUp(Type t, Object existing, String name, InjectionMember[] injectionMembers) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\Common\Src\Configuration\Unity\TransientPolicyBuildUpExtension.cs:line 68
      16:        at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration.Unity.TransientPolicyBuildUpExtension.BuildUp(Type t, Object existing, String name, InjectionMember[] injectionMembers) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\Common\Src\Configuration\Unity\TransientPolicyBuildUpExtension.cs:line 47
      17:        at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection.PolicyInjector.Wrap(Type typeToReturn, Object instance) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\PolicyInjection\Src\PolicyInjection\PolicyInjector.cs:line 137
      18:        at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection.PolicyInjector.Create(Type typeToCreate, Type typeToReturn, Object[] args) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\PolicyInjection\Src\PolicyInjection\PolicyInjector.cs:line 196
      19:        at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection.PolicyInjector.Create(Type typeToCreate, Object[] args) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\PolicyInjection\Src\PolicyInjection\PolicyInjector.cs:line 180
      20:        at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection.PolicyInjector.Create[TObject](Object[] args) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\PolicyInjection\Src\PolicyInjection\PolicyInjector.cs:line 154
      21:        at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.PolicyInjection.PolicyInjection.Create[TObject](Object[] args) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\PolicyInjection\Src\PolicyInjection\PolicyInjection.cs:line 37
      22:        at Bug4Piab.Program.Main(String[] args)
      23:        at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
      24:        at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
      25:        at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly()
      26:        at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state)
      27:        at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
      28:        at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
      29:        at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()
      30:   InnerException: System.InvalidOperationException
      31:        Message=The current type, Bug4Piab.IBar, is an interface and cannot be constructed. Are you missing a type mapping?
      32:        Source=Microsoft.Practices.Unity
      33:        StackTrace:
      34:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy.ThrowForAttemptingToConstructInterface(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\Strategies\BuildPlan\DynamicMethod\Creation\DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy.cs:line 209
      35:             at BuildUp_Bug4Piab.IBar(IBuilderContext )
      36:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodBuildPlan.BuildUp(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\Strategies\BuildPlan\DynamicMethod\DynamicMethodBuildPlan.cs:line 37
      37:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.BuildPlanStrategy.PreBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\Strategies\BuildPlan\BuildPlanStrategy.cs:line 43
      38:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.StrategyChain.ExecuteBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\Strategies\StrategyChain.cs:line 110
      39:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.BuilderContext.NewBuildUp(NamedTypeBuildKey newBuildKey) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\BuilderContext.cs:line 220
      40:             at Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ObjectBuilder.NamedTypeDependencyResolverPolicy.Resolve(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilderCustomization\NamedTypeDependencyResolverPolicy.cs:line 51
      41:             at BuildUp_Bug4Piab.Foo(IBuilderContext )
      42:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodBuildPlan.BuildUp(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\Strategies\BuildPlan\DynamicMethod\DynamicMethodBuildPlan.cs:line 37
      43:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.BuildPlanStrategy.PreBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\Strategies\BuildPlan\BuildPlanStrategy.cs:line 43
      44:             at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.StrategyChain.ExecuteBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) in e:\Builds\Unity\UnityTemp\Compile\Unity\Unity\Src\ObjectBuilder\Strategies\StrategyChain.cs:line 110
      45:             at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration.Unity.TransientPolicyBuildUpExtension.DoBuildUp(Type t, Object existing, String name, InjectionMember[] injectionMembers) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\Common\Src\Configuration\Unity\TransientPolicyBuildUpExtension.cs:line 64
      46:        InnerException: 

    二、这算是个BUG吗?

    从错误信息我们不难看出,具体的异常发生在对属性Bar的初始化上面。因为上该属性上应用了DependencyAttribute特性,而PIAB内部就是采用了Unity的机制,所以当调用PolicyInejection的Create方法的时候会试图初始化Bar属性。但是该属性是接口,并且PolicyInection本身不具有基于该接口的匹配信息,毫无疑问,对属性Bar的注入将会失败。

    但是这到底算不算BUG呢?我觉得这得两说。如果撇开PIAB的实现机制来说,PIAB本身是作为AOP框架,它的目的就是让被创建出来的对象具有被拦截(Interception)的能力。当我们调用这个对象的某个方法的时候,应用在该方法的一些以CallHandler体现横切关注点能够得以执行。至于DI或者IoC方面的实现(比如本例的属性注入)不应该是你干的事儿,就不要瞎掺和了。从这方面考虑,应用在属性Bar上的DependencyAttribute特性应该被忽略的。

    但是,从另一方面讲,各种注入本应该在对象创建的时候进行。你现在通过PolicyInjection去初始化一个对象,属性注入机制自动生效,也不是什么坏事。但是如果PIAB硬是要兼职做IoC所做的事,它本身应该提供类型匹配的注册机制,但是没有。

    三、PolicyInjection.Wrap同样有问题

    由于各种注入都是在相应的对象被创建的时候进行的,所以当我们调用PolicyInjection.Create创建对象的时候,这些注入被默认地被执行,我们尚可以理解。但是,当我们已经成功构建一个对象,调用PolicyInjection.Wrap对其进行封装,使之具有能够被拦截的能力,PIAB在做“公鸡生蛋”的事貌似就不太适合了——因为很有可能在对象最初被构建的时候,各种注入工作就已经完成

    在下面的代码中,我们通过构建的UnityContainer创建对象Foo。由于Foo对象被创建之前,我们已经注册了IBar和Bar之间的匹配关系,Foo的属性Bar会正常地被初始化。

       1: static void Main(string[] args)
       2: {
       3:     var contianer = new UnityContainer();
       4:     contianer.RegisterType<IBar, Bar>();
       5:     var foo = contianer.Resolve<Foo>();
       6:     var proxy = PolicyInjection.Wrap<Foo>(foo);
       7: }

    但是,当我们调用PolicyInjection.Wrap方法对已经创建出来的Foo对象进行封装的时候,一样的异常被抛出。换句话说,PolicyInjection.Wrap还试图去完成各种注入工作,这就不只是“公鸡下蛋、牡鸡司晨”的问题,这纯属添乱——去完成一件已经被完成的事情。实际上,PolicyInjection.Create方法实现的本质上讲,它先做对象的创建,然后做对象的封装。这个问题的本质还是PIAB对创建出来的对象进行封装的时候,总是试图去完成各种注入工作而导致的

    image

    四、采用接口可以解决这个问题

    上面我们采用的对象类型为继承自MarshalByRefObject类型,但是经过我的实验,如果采用接口就不会出现这个问题。为此我们对上面的程序进行如下的改动,让Foo类实现一个新的接口IFoo,并基于该接口进行对象的封装。这样的话就不会出现上面的异常。

       1: class Program
       2: {
       3:     static void Main(string[] args)
       4:     {
       5:         var contianer = new UnityContainer();
       6:         contianer.RegisterType<IBar, Bar>();
       7:         contianer.RegisterType<IFoo, Foo>();
       8:         var foo = contianer.Resolve<IFoo>();
       9:         var proxy = PolicyInjection.Wrap<IFoo>(foo);
      10:     }
      11: }
      12: public interface IFoo { }
      13: public class Foo : IFoo
      14: {
      15:     [Dependency]
      16:     public IBar Bar { get; set; }
      17: }
      18: public interface IBar{}
      19: public class Bar : IBar
      20: {}

    具体的原因,我还没有来得及深究。通过这一阵子对EnterLib以及Unity的深入应用,发现了很多问题。虽然我个人对EnterLib还算推崇——从很早的版本一直用过来,EnterLib从设计上确实在不断的完善。但是,每一个版本总是会出现很多细节方面的问题,很难让我满意——也许是我个人太较真了吧。

    EnterLib PIAB又一个BUG?[续]——这是一个致命的BUG

    作者:Artech
    出处:http://artech.cnblogs.com
    本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/artech/p/1832125.html
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