非常经典的一些日常醒脑练习内容!!
如有更高效的写法欢迎赐教!
1 1.已知Oracle的Scott用户中提供了三个测试数据库表,名称分别为dept,emp和salgrade。使用SQL语言完成以下操作
2 1)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(单表查询):
3 a)查询20号部门的所有员工信息:
4 select * from emp e where e.deptno=20;
5 b)查询奖金(COMM)高于工资(SAL)的员工信息:
6 select * from emp where comm>sal;
7 c)查询奖金高于工资的20%的员工信息:
8 select * from emp where comm>sal*0.2;
9 d)查询10号部门中工种为MANAGER和20号部门中工种为CLERK的员工的信息:
10 select * from emp e
11 where (e.deptno=10 and e.job='MANAGER')
12 or (e.deptno=20 and e.job='CLERK') ;
13 e)查询所有工种不是MANAGER和CLERK,且工资大于或等于2000的员工的详细信息:
14 select * from emp
15 where job not in('MANAGER','CLERK') and sal>=2000;
16 f)查询没有奖金或奖金低于100的员工信息:
17 select * from emp where comm is null or comm<100;
18 g)查询员工工龄大于或等于10年的员工信息:
19 select * from emp where (sysdate-hiredate)/365>=10;
20 h)查询员工信息,要求以首字母大写的方式显示所有员工的姓名:
21 第一种写法:
22 select initcap(ename) from emp;
23
24 第二种写法:
25 select upper(substr(ename,1,1))||lower(substr(ename,2)) from emp;
26 i)查询在2月份入职的所有员工信息:
27 select * from emp where to_char(hiredate,'MM')='02';
28 j)显示所有员工的姓名、入职的年份和月份,按入职日期所在的月份排序,若月份相同则按入职的年份排序:
29 select ename,to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') year,to_char(hiredate,'MM')
30 month
31 from emp
32 order by month,year;
33 k)查询'JONES'员工及所有其直接、间接下属员工的信息:
34 select e.* from emp e
35 start with ename='JONES'
36 connect by prior empno=mgr;
37 l)查询SCOTT员工及其直接、间接上级员工的信息:
38 select e.* from emp e
39 start with ename='SCOTT'
40 connect by prior mgr=empno;
41 2)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(多表查询):
42 a)查询从事同一种工作但不属于同一部门的员工信息:
43 select a.ename,a.job,a.deptno,b.ename,b.job,b.deptno
44 from emp a,emp b
45 where a.job=b.job and a.deptno<>b.deptno;
46 b)查询各个部门的详细信息以及部门人数、部门平均工资:
47 select d.deptno,count(e.empno),avg(e.sal),d.dname,d.loc
48 from emp e ,dept d
49 where e.deptno=d.deptno
50 group by d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc;
51 3)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(嵌套子查询):
52 a)查询10号部门员工以及领导的信息:
53 select * from emp where empno in(
54 select mgr from emp where deptno=10) or deptno=10;
55 b)查询工资为某个部门平均工资的员工信息:
56 select * from emp
57 where sal in(select avg(sal) from emp group by deptno);
58 c)查询工资高于本部门平均工资的员工的信息:
59 select * from emp e1
60 where sal >(select avg(sal) from emp e2 where e2.deptno=e1.deptno);
61 d)查询工资高于本部门平均工资的员工的信息及其部门的平均工资:
62 select e.*,a.avgsal
63 from emp e,
64 (select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) a where a.deptno=e.deptno and e.sal>a.avgsal;
65 4)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(聚合函数):
66 a)统计各个工种的人数与平均工资:
67 select count(*),e.job,avg(e.sal) from emp e
68 group by e.job;
69 b)统计每个部门中各个工种的人数与平均工资:
70 select deptno,job,count(empno),avg(sal) from emp e
71 group by e.deptno,e.job;
72 c)查询所有员工入职以来的工作期限,用“**年**月**日”的形式表示。
73 select e.ename,floor((sysdate-e.hiredate)/365)|| '年'|| floor(mod((sysdate-e.hiredate),365)/30) || '月'|| floor(mod(mod((sysdate-e.hiredate),365),30))|| '日'from emp e;
74 d)查询人数最多的部门信息:
75 select * from dept
76 where deptno in
77 (select deptno from
78 (select count(*) count,deptno from emp group by deptno)
79 where count in
80 (select max(count) from
81 (select count(*) count ,deptno from emp group by deptno)
82 )
83 );
84 e)以树状结构查询所有员工与领导之间的层次关系:
85 select substr(sys_connect_by_path(ename,'->'),3),level
86 from emp
87 start with mgr is null
88 connect by prior empno=mgr;
89 f)部门平均薪水最高的部门编号:
90 第一种方法:
91 select * from(
92 select avg(sal) avgsal,deptno
93 from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc)
94 where rownum=1;
95
96 第二种方法:
97 select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)=(
98 select max(avg(sal)) avgsal
99 from emp group by deptno)
100 g)部门平均薪水最高的部门名称:
101 select d.* from dept d where deptno
102 in(select deptno from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)=
103 (select max(avg(sal)) avgsal from emp group by deptno))
104 h)平均薪水最低的部门的部门名称:
105 select d.* from dept d where deptno
106 in(select deptno from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)=
107 (select min(avg(sal)) avgsal from emp group by deptno))
108 i)平均薪水等级最低的部门的部门名称:
109 select d.dname from dept d
110 where d.deptno in (select a.deptno from
111 (select e.deptno from emp e,salgrade s
112 where (e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
113 group by e.deptno order by avg(s.grade)) a
114 where rownum=1);
115 j)部门经理人中,薪水最低的部门名称:
116 select dname from dept where deptno=
117 (select deptno from
118 (select deptno from emp where job='MANAGER' group by deptno
119 order by min(sal)) where rownum=1);
120 k)比普通员工的最高薪水还要高的经理人名称:
121 select ename from emp where sal>
122 (select max(sal) from emp where job not in
123 ('MANAGER','PRESIDENT')) and job='MANAGER' or job='PRESIDENT';
124 5)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(嵌套子查询):
125 a)查询所有员工工资都大于1000的部门的信息:
126 select * from dept where deptno in
127 (select deptno from emp
128 where deptno not in
129 (select distinct deptno from emp where sal<1000));
130 b)查询所有员工工资都大于1000的部门的信息及其员工信息:
131 select * from emp e join dept d
132 on d.deptno
133 in (select deptno from emp
134 where deptno not in
135 (select distinct deptno from emp where sal<1000))
136 and d.deptno=e.deptno;
137 c)查询所有员工工资都在900~3000之间的部门的信息:
138 select * from dept
139 where deptno not in
140 (select deptno from emp
141 where sal not between 900 and 3000);
142 d)查询所有工资都在900~3000之间的员工所在部门的员工信息:
143 select * from emp a
144 where a.deptno in
145 (select distinct e.deptno from emp e
146 where e.sal between 900 and 3000);
147 e)查询每个员工的领导所在部门的信息:
148 select d.* from dept d
149 where d.deptno in
150 (select distinct e2.deptno from emp e1,emp e2
151 where e1.empno=e2.mgr);
152 f)查询30号部门中工资排序前3名的员工信息:
153 select * from
154 (select sal from emp where deptno=30 order by sal desc) e
155 where rownum<4
156 g)查询工作等级为2级,1985年以后入职的工作地点为DALLAS的员工编号、姓名和工资:
157 select e.ename,e.empno,e.sal from emp e,salgrade s,dept d
158 where (e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
159 and (s.grade=2)
160 and to_char(e.hiredate,'yyyy')>1985
161 and e.deptno=d.deptno
162 and d.loc='DALLAS';
163 6)用SQL语句完成下列操作:
164 a)将各部门员工的工资修改为该员工所在部门平均工资加1000:
165 update emp e set sal=
166 1000+(select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=e.deptno);
167 b)删除重复部门,只留下一项:
168 delete from dept d
169 where rowid<>
170 (select min(rowid) from dept where dname=d.dname and d.loc=loc);
171 c)更新员工工资为他的主管的工资,奖金:
172 第一种方法:
173 update emp e set sal=(select sal from emp where empno=e.mgr), comm=(select comm from emp where empno=e.mgr)
174 第二种方法:
175 update emp e set (sal,comm)=(select sal,comm from emp whereempno=e.mgr);
176
177 2.(可选题)某大学图书馆为了更好管理图书,使用Oracle数据库建立了三个表:
178 CARD 借书卡表: CNO(卡号),NAME (姓名),CLASS (班级);
179 BOOKS 图书表: BNO(书号),BNAME (书名), AUTHOR (作者),PRICE (单价),QUANTITY (库存册数);
180 BORROW 借书记录表: CNO (借书卡号),BNO (书号),RDATE (还书日期);
181 备注:限定每人每种书只能借一本;库存册数随借书、还书而改变。
182 1)试用SQL语言完成下列操作:
183 a)写出建立BORROW表的SQL语句,要求定义主码完整性约束和引用完整性约束:
184 CREATE TABLE BORROW(
185 CNO NUMBER REFERENCES CARD(CNO),
186 BNO NUMBER REFERENCES BOOKS(BNO),
187 RDATE date,
188 PRIMARY KEY(CNO,BNO)
189 );
190 b)假定在建BOOKS表时没有定义主码,写出为BOOKS表追加定义主码的语句:
191 ALTER TABLE BOOKS ADD PRIMARY KEY(BNO) ;
192 c)将CARD 表的NAME最大列宽增加到10个字符(假定原为6个字符):
193 ALTER TABLE CARD MODIFY NAME varchar2(10) ;
194 d)为该表增加1列NAME(系名),可变长,最大20个字符:
195 ALTER TABLE CARD ADD 系名 varchar2(20) ;
196 2)试用SQL语言完成下列查询:
197 a)找出借书超过5本的读者,输出借书卡号及所借图书册数:
198 SELECT CNO, COUNT(*) FROM BORROW GROUP BY CNO HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
199 b)查询借阅了"水浒"一书的读者,输出姓名及班级:
200 SELECT NAME, CLASS FROM CARD WHERE CNO IN (SELECT CNO FROM BORROW BW, BOOKS BK WHERE BW.BNO=BK.BNO AND BK.BNAME='水浒') ;
201 c)查询过期未还图书,输出借阅者(卡号)、书号及还书日期:
202 SELECT * FROM BORROW WHERE RDATE<SYSDATE;
203 d)查询书名包括"网络"关键词的图书,输出书号、书名、作者:
204 SELECT BNO,BNAME,AUTHOR FROM BOOKS WHERE BNAME LIKE '%网络%';
205 e)查询现有图书中价格最高的图书,输出书名及作者:
206 SELECT BNAME,AUTHOR FROM BOOKS WHERE PRICE=(SELECT MAX(PRICE) FROM BOOKS) ;
207 f)查询当前借了"计算方法"但没有借"计算方法习题集"的读者,输出其借书卡号,并按卡号降序排序输出:
208 SELECT a.CNO FROM BORROW a,BOOKS b WHERE a.BNO=b.BNO AND b.BNAME='计算方法' AND a.CNO NOT IN( SELECT aa.CNO FROM BORROW aa,BOOKS bb WHERE aa.BNO=bb.BNO AND bb.BNAME='计算方法习题集')ORDER BY a.CNO DESC;
209 g)查询当前同时借有"计算方法"和"组合数学"两本书的读者,输出其借书卡号,并按卡号升序排序输出:
210 SELECT DISTINCT a.CNO FROM BORROW a,BOOKS b WHERE a.BNO=b.BNO AND b.BNAME IN('计算方法','组合数学') ORDER BY a.CNO;
211 3)试用SQL语言完成下列操作:
212 a)将"C01"班同学所借图书的还期都延长一周:
213 UPDATE BORROW SET RDATE=RDATE+7 WHERE CNO IN (SELECT DISTINCT CNO FROM CARD WHERE CLASS='C01');
214 b)从BOOKS表中删除当前无人借阅的图书记录:
215 DELETE FROM BOOKS WHERE BNO NOT IN(SELECT DISTINCT BK.BNO FROM BORROW BR, BOOKS BK WHERE BR.BNO=BK.BNO);
216 4)试用SQL语言完成下列操作:
217 a)如果经常按书名查询图书信息,请建立合适的索引:
218 CREATE INDEX IDX_BOOKS_BNAME ON BOOKS(BNAME) ;
219 b)在BORROW表上建立一个触发器,完成如下功能:如果读者借阅的书名是"数据库技术及应用",就将该读者的借阅记录保存在BORROW_SAVE表中(注ORROW_SAVE表结构同BORROW表):
220 CREATE TRIGGER TR_SAVE ON BORROWFOR INSERT,UPDATEASIF @@ROWCOUNT>0 INSERT BORROW_SAVE SELECT i.*FROM INSERTED i,BOOKS b WHERE i.BNO=b.BNO AND b.BNAME=N'数据库技术及应用';
221 c)建立一个视图,显示"力01"班学生的借书信息(只要求显示姓名和书名):
222 CREATE VIEW V_VIEWASSELECT a.NAME,b.BNAMEFROM BORROW ab,CARD a,BOOKS bWHEREab.CNO=a.CNO AND ab.BNO=b.BNO AND a.CLASS=N'力01';