• linux安装mysql详细步骤


    最近买了个腾讯云服务器,搭建环境。

    该笔记用于系统上未装过mysql的干净系统第一次安装mysql。自己指定安装目录,指定数据文件目录。

    linux系统版本: CentOS 7.3 64位

    安装源文件版本:mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

    mysql安装位置:/software/mysql

    数据库文件数据位置:/data/mysql

    注:未防止混淆,这里都用绝对路径执行命令

            除了文件内容中的#,这里所有带#都是linux命令

      >mysql 是mysql的命令

    步骤:

    1、在根目录下创建文件夹software和数据库数据文件/data/mysql

    #mkdir /software/

    #mkdir /data/mysql

    2、上传mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz文件到/software下

    #cd /software/

    #tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

    3、更改解压缩后的文件夹名称

    #mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  /software/mysql

    4、创建mysql用户组和mysql用户

    #groupadd mysql

    #useradd -r -g mysql mysql

    5、关联myql用户到mysql用户组中

    #chown -R mysql:mysql  /software/mysql/

    #chown -R mysql:mysql  /data/mysql/

    #chown -R mysql  /software/mysql/

    #chown -R mysql  /data/mysql

    6、更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限

    #chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/

    7、安装libaio依赖包,由于我买的腾讯云服务器centos系统自带的有这个依赖包所以不需要安装,不过自带的依赖包会报错,后面介绍解决办法

    查询是否暗转libaio依赖包

    #yum search libaio

    如果没安装,可以用下面命令安装

    #yum install libaio

    8、初始化mysql命令

    #cd /software/mysql/bin

    #./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize

    在执行上面命令时特别要注意一行内容   

    [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck

    root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码,各人安装生成的临时密码不一样

    如果初始化时报错如下:

    error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec

    是因为libnuma安装的是32位,我们这里需要64位的,执行下面语句就可以解决

    #yum install numactl.x86_64

    执行完后重新初始化mysql命令

    9、启动mysql服务

    # sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

    上面启动mysql服务命令是会报错的,因为没有修改mysql的配置文件,报错内容大致如下:

    ./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
    ./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
    Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
     
     
    10、修改Mysql配置文件
    #vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
    修改前

    if test -z "$basedir"
    then
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
    if test -z "$datadir"
    then
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    fi
    sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
    libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
    else
    bindir="$basedir/bin"
    if test -z "$datadir"
    then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
    fi
    sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
    libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
    fi

    修改后

    if test -z "$basedir"
    then
    basedir=/software/mysql
    bindir=/software/mysql/bin
    if test -z "$datadir"
    then
    datadir=/data/mysql
    fi
    sbindir=/software/mysql/bin
    libexecdir=/software/mysql/bin
    else
    bindir="$basedir/bin"
    if test -z "$datadir"
    then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
    fi
    sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
    libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
    fi

    保存退出

    #cp /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
    #chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

    11、修改my.cnf文件

    #vi /etc/my.cnf

    将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容

    [client]
    no-beep
    socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock
    # pipe
    # socket=0.0
    port=3306
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/software/mysql
    datadir=/data/mysql
    port=3306
    pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
    #skip-grant-tables
    skip-name-resolve
    socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
    character-set-server=utf8
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
    # Server Id.
    server-id=1
    max_connections=2000
    query_cache_size=0
    table_open_cache=2000
    tmp_table_size=246M
    thread_cache_size=300
    #限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用
    thread_stack = 192k
    key_buffer_size=512M
    read_buffer_size=4M
    read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
    innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
    innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
    innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
    innodb_log_file_size=128M
    innodb_thread_concurrency=128
    innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
    innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
    innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
    innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
    innodb_open_files=300
    innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
    back_log=80
    flush_time=0
    join_buffer_size=128M
    max_allowed_packet=1024M
    max_connect_errors=2000
    open_files_limit=4161
    query_cache_type=0
    sort_buffer_size=32M
    table_definition_cache=1400
    binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
    sync_master_info=10000
    sync_relay_log=10000
    sync_relay_log_info=10000
    #批量插入数据缓存大小,可以有效提高插入效率,默认为8M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    interactive_timeout = 120
    wait_timeout = 120
    log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
    sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

    #
    # include all files from the config directory
    #
    !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

    保存退出

    12、启动mysql

    #/etc/init.d/mysqld start

    新版本的安装包会报错,错误内容如下:

    Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
    2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
    does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
    directory and restart this script from there as follows:
    ./bin/mysqld_safe&
    See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
    ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).

    因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。

    解决办法:

    方法1、建立软连接

    例 #cd /usr/local/mysql

    #ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld

    方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件(有强迫症的同学建议这种,我用的这种)

    # vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

    将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql

    保存退出。(可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换)

    13、登录mysql

    #/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p

    14、输入临时密码。临时密码就是第8条root@localhost:后面的内容

    15、修改mysql的登录密码

    >mysql   set password=password('root');

    >mysql  grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';

    >mysql flush privileges;

    16、完成,此时mysql的登录名root  登录密码root

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/apolloren/p/9955096.html
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