前不久把FreeBSD系统从6.2升级到了7.0 ，后来由于忙着准备考试，一直没没空总结，今天终于有空了，把当时遇到的问题在这里总结一下和大家分享。
一、更新系统源码，为升级做准备
lab#cvsup -gL 2 -h cvsup.freebsdchina.org /usr/share/example/cvsup/stable-supfile
二、编译和安装系统与内核
lab# make buildworld
lab# make buildkernel
lab# make installkernel
lab# reboot
lab#mergemaster -p //对新的和旧的配置文件进行修改
lab# make installworld
lab# mergemaster
lab# shutdown -r now
嘿嘿，这次运气比较好，整个过程中没有出现问题，大概花了我一个小时以后就全部编译和安装好了，重启以后查看一下系统的信息：
lab# uname -a
FreeBSD lab.华侨大学.edu.cn 7.0-STABLE FreeBSD 7.0-STABLE #0: Wed Jun 4 15:36:24 CST 2008 kelly@lab.华侨大学.edu.cn (kelly@lab.%E5%8D%8E%E4%BE%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6.edu.cn):/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386
哈哈，系统升级搞定了。其中 mergemaster 是一个很有用的脚本，它能够新建一个临时的系统环境，然后比较老的的新的配置文件的区别，提示你进行一些相应的操作。
四、安装软件兼容包
系统从6.2升级到7.0后会出现一些库文件的兼容问题，我们需要删除旧版的库文件，安装兼容包和更新软件来解决
lab#pkgdb -F
lab#portupgrade -ai
但是对Java的兼容问题一直解决不了，老是出现如下的错误
lab# java
/libexec/ld-elf.so.1: /lib/libpthread.so.2: version LIBTHREAD_1_0 required by /usr/local/diablo-jdk1.5.0/bin/java not found
lab#
五、升级web站点软件
由于以前的apache 、mysql、php 等是使用源码编译安装的 ，这样升级很麻烦，而且FreeBSD提供了比较方便的ports机制 ，可以很方便的安装和升级软件(虽然现在还存在很多的问题)，所以我决定这次把所有的软件都换到ports下面，首先吧原来安装的软件和配置文件全部删除 掉，这一点很重要，然后在进行下面的步骤：
（1）、升级ports
lab# cvsup -gL 2 -h cvsup.freebsdchina.org /usr/share/example/cvsup/ports-supfile
（2）、升级mysql
lab#cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql51-server
lab#make install clean
等待十多分钟以后，就是下载、编译和安装好了，然后出现如下的提示：
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
************************************************************************
install-info --quiet /usr/local/info/mysql.info /usr/local/info/dir
===> Installing rc.d startup script(s)
===> Compressing manual pages for mysql-server-5.0.45_1
===> Registering installation for mysql-server-5.0.45_1
===> SECURITY REPORT:
This port has installed the following files which may act as network
servers and may therefore pose a remote security risk to the system.
/usr/local/libexec/mysqld
This port has installed the following startup scripts which may cause
these network services to be started at boot time.
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server
If there are vulnerabilities in these programs there may be a security
risk to the system. FreeBSD makes no guarantee about the security of
ports included in the Ports Collection. Please type 'make deinstall'
to deinstall the port if this is a concern.
For more information, and contact details about the security
status of this software, see the following webpage:
MySQL :: The world's most popular open source database (http://www.mysql.com/)
从上面的提示我们可以看到：
masql 的启动脚本目录是：/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server start | stop
我们查看一下mysql正常工作了没有：
lab#/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server start
lab# netstat -an | grep 3306
tcp4 0 0 *.3306 *.* LISTEN
嘿嘿，这样就安装好了。
（3）、升级apache
lab#cd /usr/ports/www/apache22
lab#make config //选中对REWRITEHE 和MYSQL的支持，其他的模块根据需要选上。取消LDAP和AUTHNZ_LDAP 这两个模块的支持，要不编译的过程中会出现文件找不到的问题，我不知道那是什么原因，反正也用不到这两个认证模块，干脆把它取消了，呵呵。
配置好以后就开始编译和安装了：
lab#make install
正准备休息一下，没想到却出现了如下的错误：
http://file///C:/DOCUME%7E1/kelly/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot.jpghttp://file///C:/DOCUME%7E1/kelly/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.jpghttp://file///C:/DOCUME%7E1/kelly/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-2.jpg。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
===> Building for apache-2.2.8
Making all in srclib
Making all in os
Making all in unix
/usr/local/build-1/libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile cc -O2-fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DHAVE_MYSQL_H-I/usr/include -g -I/usr/local/include -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe-I/usr/local/include/mysql -DHAVE_MYSQL_H -I/usr/include-I/usr/local/include -I.-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/os/unix-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/server/mpm/prefork-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/http-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/filters-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/proxy-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/include-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/generators-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/mappers-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/database-I/usr/local/include/apr-1 -I/usr/local/include/db42-I/usr/local/include-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/proxy/../generators-I/usr/include -I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/ssl-I/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/modules/dav/main -c unixd.c&& touch unixd.lo
/usr/local/build-1/libtool: not found
*** Error code 127
Stop in /usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/os/unix.
*** Error code 1
Stop in /usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/os/unix.
*** Error code 1
Stop in /usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/os.
*** Error code 1
Stop in /usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8.
*** Error code 1
Stop in /usr/ports/www/apache22.
*** Error code 1
Stop in /usr/ports/www/apache22.
lab#
在google上搜了巨久，始终没找到答案，论坛里面讨论了N年也没得到答案，郁闷啊，仔细思考了一下尝试了一下操作：
lab#whereis libtool
lab#/usr/local/bin/libtool
这就很奇怪了，用于生成动态连接文件的libtool 明明在/usr/local/bin/目录下面，可是安装脚本为什么到/usr/local/build-1/目录下面区搜索呢，修改了一下Makefile文件还是不行。最后我尝试了一下如下的操作：
lab#mkdir /usr/local/build-1/
lab#cp /usr/local/bin/libtool /usr/local/build-1/
lab#make install
没想到这次竟然成功了，真不知道这是什么原因，有高手知道原因或者其他解决方法还希望跟帖赐教啊~~
安装完成以后出现如下的提示：
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
ranlib /usr/local/libexec/apache22/mod_actions.a
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/libexec/apache22
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/local/build-1/libtool --tag=CXX --mode=install cp mod_speling.la /usr/local/libexec/apache22/
cp .libs/mod_speling.so /usr/local/libexec/apache22/mod_speling.so
cp .libs/mod_speling.lai /usr/local/libexec/apache22/mod_speling.la
cp .libs/mod_speling.a /usr/local/libexec/apache22/mod_speling.a
chmod 644 /usr/local/libexec/apache22/mod_speling.a
ranlib /usr/local/libexec/apache22/mod_speling.a
----------------------------------------------------------------------
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
d/instdso.sh /usr/local/share/apache22/build/instdso.sh
/usr/ports/www/apache22/work/httpd-2.2.8/build/install.sh -c -m 644 build/config_vars.out /usr/local/share/apache22/build/config_vars.mk
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/share/doc/apache22
To run apache www server from startup, add apache22_enable="YES"
in your /etc/rc.conf. Extra options can be found in startup script.
===> Installing rc.d startup script(s)
===> Compressing manual pages for apache-2.2.8
===> Registering installation for apache-2.2.8
===> SECURITY REPORT:
This port has installed the following binaries which execute with
increased privileges.
/usr/local/××××in/suexec
This port has installed the following files which may act as network
servers and may therefore pose a remote security risk to the system.
/usr/local/libexec/apache22/mod_cgid.so
This port has installed the following startup scripts which may cause
these network services to be started at boot time.
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/htcacheclean
If there are vulnerabilities in these programs there may be a security
risk to the system. FreeBSD makes no guarantee about the security of
ports included in the Ports Collection. Please type 'make deinstall'
to deinstall the port if this is a concern.
For more information, and contact details about the security
status of this software, see the following webpage:
Welcome! - The Apache HTTP Server Project (http://httpd.apache.org/)
lab# make clean
===> Cleaning for apache-2.2.8
然后启动apache服务：
lab# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 start
lab#netstat -an
查看端口，却发现80端口并为开启，查看了一下apache的日志发现如下错误：
[Wed Jan 31 04:12:56 2007] [warn] (2)No such file or directory: Failed to enable the 'httpready' Accept Filter
在网上查了一下才知道，出现该问题的原因，是因为系统没有加载accf_http.ko和accf_data.ko ，这两个模块的功能是用于检测请求的数据是否完整，否则抛弃，防止客户端恶意请求。解决方法如下：
lab#cd /usr/src/sys/modules/accf_data;make clean;make;make install;make clean;kldload accf_data
lab#cd /usr/src/sys/modules/accf_http;make clean;make;make install;make clean;kldload accf_http
lab#ee /etc/rc.conf
然后加入一下的配置：
accf_data_load="YES"
accf_http_load="YES"
apache22_enable="YES"
apache22_http_accept_enable="YES"
然后重启apache就搞定了
（3）、升级php和拓展
lab#cd /usr/ports/lang/php5
lab#make config
然后选择对apache的支持，然后取消补丁SUHOSIN ，它虽然加强了php的安装性，可是好多php代码都通不过的他检测结果运行不起来，大家也可以权衡利弊选择，我是抛弃他了，呵呵。还有要记得取消 Debug的选中，否则后面安装的Zend Optmizer 运行不起来，这一点我也是安装好以后才知道的。。。。
好了，配置好以后我们就开始编译和安装了：
lab#make install
安装以后出现如下提示：
==> Installing for php5-5.2.6
===> php5-5.2.6 depends on file: /usr/local/××××in/apxs - found
===> php5-5.2.6 depends on executable: pkg-config - found
===> php5-5.2.6 depends on shared library: xml2.5 - found
===> Generating temporary packing list
===> Checking if lang/php5 already installed
"Makefile", line 588: warning: duplicate script for target "main/internal_functions.lo" ignored
Installing PHP SAPI module: apache2handler
/usr/local/share/apache22/build/instdso.sh SH_LIBTOOL='/usr/local/build-1/libtool' libphp5.la /usr/local/libexec/apache22
/usr/local/build-1/libtool --mode=install cp libphp5.la /usr/local/libexec/apache22/
cp .libs/libphp5.so /usr/local/libexec/apache22/libphp5.so
cp .libs/libphp5.lai /usr/local/libexec/apache22/libphp5.la
libtool: install: warning: remember to run `libtool --finish /usr/ports/lang/php5/work/php-5.2.6/libs'
chmod 755 /usr/local/libexec/apache22/libphp5.so
[activating module `php5' in /usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf]
Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/bin/
Installing build environment: /usr/local/lib/php/build/
Installing header files: /usr/local/include/php/
Installing helper programs: /usr/local/bin/
program: phpize
program: php-config
Installing man pages: /usr/local/man/man1/
page: phpize.1
page: php-config.1
***************************************************************
Make sure index.php is part of your DirectoryIndex.
You should add the following to your Apache configuration file:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
***************************************************************
===> Compressing manual pages for php5-5.2.6
===> Registering installation for php5-5.2.6
===> SECURITY REPORT:
This port has installed the following files which may act as network
servers and may therefore pose a remote security risk to the system.
/usr/local/libexec/apache22/libphp5.so
/usr/local/bin/php
/usr/local/bin/php-cgi
If there are vulnerabilities in these programs there may be a security
risk to the system. FreeBSD makes no guarantee about the security of
ports included in the Ports Collection. Please type 'make deinstall'
to deinstall the port if this is a concern.
For more information, and contact details about the security
status of this software, see the following webpage:
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (http://www.php.net/)
lab# make clean
然后根据他的提示配置一下/usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf 在重启一下apache就OK了
最后安装php的拓展
lab#cd /usr/ports/lang/php5-extensions
lab#make config
选中对mysql mysqli等常用模块的支持，然后开始编译和安装：
lab#make install
lab#make clean
之后重启apache却发现apache启动不了了，又是一阵狂搜以后找到了解决方法:
lab#ee /usr/local/etc/php/extensions.ini
然后取消对 recode.so 模块的支持，重启apache就好了。
四、安装ZendOptimizer
首先下载和解压ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-freebsd6.0-i386.tar.gz
lab#tar -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-freebsd6.0-i386.tar.gz
lab#cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-freebsd6.0-i386
ab# ./install.sh
Please, wait ...
Zend Optimizer installation was NOT completed successfully.
File: ./dialog does not exist!
For further assistance, please contact Zend Support at
https://www.zend.com/support/
[To continue, press Enter]
嘿嘿，怎么有出错误啊，郁闷，有查了一下才知道，这是该软件的一个buge ,改用如下安装方法就OK了，
lab# ./install-tty
然后根据提示，一步一步就搞定了。
五、升级discuz和supesite
论坛部分很容易，重新导入数据库文件、删除临时文件和缓存文件以及配置合适的文件权限就搞定了，可是空间部分网页却一直显示不了，网上查了一下，发现好多 同志在Freebsd上从ports安装php以后都遇到了这样的问题，而且官方也没有解决的方法，没办法，只好重新下载php的代码来编译安装。搞定以 后却发现一下两个问题：
（1）、空间成功登陆却无法进入
（2）、空间页面显示出现乱码
重新设置了Cookies域和数据库字符集就搞定了。
参考文章：
FreeBSD Handbook (http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/)
[url=http://fanqiang.chinaunix.net/system/bsd/2005-10-27/3785.shtml]FREEBSD