UI 设计概述
- 启动屏幕(闪屏)
- 屏幕方向
示例
1、UI 设计概述
UI/Summary.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.UI.Summary" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="0 10 10 10"> <Run>1、UWP - Universal Windows Platform</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>2、设计 UWP 应用时,要以有效像素(effective pixels)进行设计,而不是以物理像素(physical pixels)进行设计。因为系统会根据设备的像素密度和观看距离自动缩放</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>3、有效分辨率 - 以有效像素为单位的分辨率;物理分辨率 - 以物理像素为单位的分辨率</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>4、对于有效分辨率的理解可以参考 ios 的逻辑分辨率的概念,比如 iPhone 4s 的物理分辨率为 960 * 640,其逻辑分辨率为 480 * 320(设计时按照此分辨率设计)</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>5、有效分辨率和物理分辨率之间的比例是如何决定的呢?由系统根据设备的像素密度和观看距离来决定比例</Run> <LineBreak /> <Run>6、当系统缩放 UI 时,会按 4 的倍数(multiples of 4, 从字面上理解不一定是整倍数)进行缩放。若要确保缩放后保持清晰的外观,请将你的设计贴靠到 4*4 像素网格,使 UI 元素的边距、大小和位置为 4 个有效像素的倍数</Run> </TextBlock> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
2、启动屏幕(闪屏)
UI/MySplashScreen.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.UI.MySplashScreen" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <!-- var color = (Color)this.Resources["SystemAccentColor"]; --> <Grid Name="grid" Background="{ThemeResource SystemAccentColor}"> <Image x:Name="splashImage" Source="/Assets/SplashScreen.png" HorizontalAlignment="Center" /> <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0 0 0 20"> <ProgressRing IsActive="True" Foreground="White" /> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Text="我是自定义启动页,1 秒后跳转到主页" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
UI/MySplashScreen.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何自定义启动屏幕(闪屏) * * 说明及应用场景: * 1、在 Package.appxmanifest 中可以设置 app 的启动屏幕,例如: <uap:SplashScreen Image="AssetsSplashScreen.png" BackgroundColor="#ff0000" />,其就是一个显示在窗口中间的图片(620 * 300)以及一个全窗口背景色 * 2、在 app 的启动屏幕过后,可以显示一个自定义启动屏幕 * 3、在自定义启动屏幕显示时,可以做一些程序的初始化工作,初始化完成后再进入主程序 */ using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation; using Windows.Foundation; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10 { using Windows10.UI; public partial class App { // partial method,实现了 App.xaml.cs 中的声明 partial void OnLaunched_SplashScreen(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args) { // 启动后显示自定义启动屏幕 if (args.PreviousExecutionState != ApplicationExecutionState.Running) { MySplashScreen mySplashScreen = new MySplashScreen(args); Window.Current.Content = mySplashScreen; } } } } namespace Windows10.UI { public sealed partial class MySplashScreen : Page { /* * SplashScreen - app 的启动屏幕对象,在 Application 中的若干事件处理器中的事件参数中均可获得 * ImageLocation - app 的启动屏幕的图片的位置信息,返回 Rect 类型对象 * Dismissed - app 的启动屏幕关闭时所触发的事件 */ // app 启动屏幕的相关信息 private SplashScreen _splashScreen; public MySplashScreen() { this.InitializeComponent(); lblMsg.Text = "自定义 app 的启动屏幕,打开 app 时可看到此页面的演示"; } public MySplashScreen(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args) { this.InitializeComponent(); ImplementCustomSplashScreen(args); } private async void ImplementCustomSplashScreen(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args) { // 窗口尺寸发生改变时,重新调整自定义启动屏幕 Window.Current.SizeChanged += Current_SizeChanged; // 获取 app 的启动屏幕的相关信息 _splashScreen = args.SplashScreen; // app 的启动屏幕关闭时所触发的事件 _splashScreen.Dismissed += _splashScreen_Dismissed; // 获取 app 启动屏幕的图片的位置,并按此位置调整自定义启动屏幕的图片的位置 Rect splashImageRect = _splashScreen.ImageLocation; splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, splashImageRect.X); splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, splashImageRect.Y); splashImage.Height = splashImageRect.Height; splashImage.Width = splashImageRect.Width; await Task.Delay(1000); // 关掉自定义启动屏幕,跳转到程序主页面 var rootFrame = new Frame(); rootFrame.Navigate(typeof(MainPage), args); Window.Current.Content = rootFrame; Window.Current.Activate(); } void Current_SizeChanged(object sender, Windows.UI.Core.WindowSizeChangedEventArgs e) { // 获取 app 启动屏幕的图片的最新位置,并按此位置调整自定义启动屏幕的图片的位置 Rect splashImageRect = _splashScreen.ImageLocation; splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, splashImageRect.X); splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, splashImageRect.Y); splashImage.Height = splashImageRect.Height; splashImage.Width = splashImageRect.Width; } private void _splashScreen_Dismissed(SplashScreen sender, object args) { // app 的启动屏幕关闭了 } } }
3、屏幕方向
UI/ScreenOrientation.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.UI.ScreenOrientation" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <ToggleButton Name="btnLock" Content="锁定当前方向" IsChecked="False" Checked="btnLock_Checked" Unchecked="btnLock_Unchecked" /> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
UI/ScreenOrientation.xaml.cs
/* * 演示“屏幕方向”相关知识点 */ using System; using Windows.Graphics.Display; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace Windows10.UI { public sealed partial class ScreenOrientation : Page { public ScreenOrientation() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e) { // 使用设备时的推荐方向,一般而言就是当“windows”键在下方时,设备的方向。手机一般是 Portrait,平板一般是 Landscape lblMsg.Text = "NativeOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().NativeOrientation.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 设备的方向(Windows.Graphics.Display.DisplayOrientations 枚举:None, Landscape, Portrait, LandscapeFlipped, PortraitFlipped) // 注:LandscapeFlipped 是 Landscape 翻转了 180 度,PortraitFlipped 是 Portrait 翻转了 180 度 // 注:Landscape 顺时针转(右转) 90 度是 Portrait,再顺时针转(右转) 90 度是 LandscapeFlipped lblMsg.Text += "CurrentOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().CurrentOrientation.ToString(); // NativeOrientation 或 CurrentOrientation 发生变化时触发的事件(NativeOrientation 一般是不会变的) DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().OrientationChanged += ScreenOrientation_OrientationChanged; } private void ScreenOrientation_OrientationChanged(DisplayInformation sender, object args) { lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "NativeOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().NativeOrientation.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += "CurrentOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().CurrentOrientation.ToString(); } protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e) { DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().OrientationChanged -= ScreenOrientation_OrientationChanged; } private void btnLock_Checked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { /* 在 Package.appxmanifest 中可以配置 app 的允许方向,类似如下(如果不配置就是允许任何方向) <uap:InitialRotationPreference> <uap:Rotation Preference="portrait" /> <uap:Rotation Preference="landscape" /> <uap:Rotation Preference="portraitFlipped" /> <uap:Rotation Preference="landscapeFlipped" /> <uap:InitialRotationPreference> */ // DisplayInformation.AutoRotationPreferences - 指定当前 app 的首选方向,即强制通过指定的方向显示(必须是在 Package.appxmanifest 配置的允许方向之一) DisplayInformation.AutoRotationPreferences = DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().CurrentOrientation; btnLock.Content = "解除方向锁定"; } private void btnLock_Unchecked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { DisplayInformation.AutoRotationPreferences = DisplayOrientations.None; btnLock.Content = "锁定当前方向"; } } }