• RxJava简析


    rxjava文档地址https://mcxiaoke.gitbooks.io/rxdocs/content/ 这个是中文版的

    android studio 添加依赖  implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxjava:3.0.4'

    首先,打印helloworld:

    public void hello(String args){
        Flowable.fromArray(args).subscribe(s -> System.out.println("hello " + s + "!"));
    }

    跟以前其他语言不大一样,看上去很麻烦,我们一步步来看

    Flowable.fromArray(args)

    这个方法最重要的就是里面的最后一句

    new FlowableFromArray<>(items)

    果然FlowableFromArray是Flowable的子类,所以真正的实现在子类里面

    Flowable.fromArray(args).subscribe

     subscribe进到里面的是

    public final Disposable subscribe(@NonNull Consumer<? super T> onNext, @NonNull Consumer<? super Throwable> onError,
            @NonNull Action onComplete) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(onNext, "onNext is null");
        Objects.requireNonNull(onError, "onError is null");
        Objects.requireNonNull(onComplete, "onComplete is null");
    
        LambdaSubscriber<T> ls = new LambdaSubscriber<>(onNext, onError, onComplete, FlowableInternalHelper.RequestMax.INSTANCE);
    
        subscribe(ls);
    
        return ls;
    }

    看上去最重要的就是这两句了

    LambdaSubscriber<T> ls = new LambdaSubscriber<>(onNext, onError, onComplete, FlowableInternalHelper.RequestMax.INSTANCE);
    
    subscribe(ls);

    先进到subscribe(ls)中,发现这句

    subscribeActual(flowableSubscriber)

    跳进去发现是个抽象方法,那么实现肯定在子类啦,进到子类FlowableFromArray

    @Override
    public void subscribeActual(Subscriber<? super T> s) {
        if (s instanceof ConditionalSubscriber) {
            s.onSubscribe(new ArrayConditionalSubscription<>(
                    (ConditionalSubscriber<? super T>)s, array));
        } else {
            s.onSubscribe(new ArraySubscription<>(s, array));
        }
    }

    跳进去又发现onSubscribe是个抽象方法,那么实现方法在哪呢,对啦,就是之前看到的LambdaSubscriber

    public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) {
        if (SubscriptionHelper.setOnce(this, s)) {
            try {
                onSubscribe.accept(this);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                Exceptions.throwIfFatal(ex);
                s.cancel();
                onError(ex);
            }
        }
    }

    这个onSubscribe.accept(this)跳过去就是接口Consumer的accept方法了

    所以一开始的helloworld代码也可以改成

    FlowableFromArray flowableFromArray = new FlowableFromArray(new String[]{args});
    flowableFromArray.subscribe(new Consumer<String>() {
        @Override
        public void accept(String s) throws Throwable {
            System.out.println("hello " + s + "!");
        }
    });

    是不是很麻烦,饶了一大圈,没关系,我们继续往下看

    这里给出一些名词的翻译

    • Reactive 直译为反应性的,有活性的,根据上下文一般翻译为反应式、响应式
    • Iterable 可迭代对象,支持以迭代器的形式遍历,许多语言中都存在这个概念
    • Observable 可观察对象,在Rx中定义为更强大的Iterable,在观察者模式中是被观察的对象,一旦数据产生或发生变化,会通过某种方式通知观察者或订阅者
    • Observer 观察者对象,监听Observable发射的数据并做出响应,Subscriber是它的一个特殊实现
    • emit 直译为发射,发布,发出,含义是Observable在数据产生或变化时发送通知给Observer,调用Observer对应的方法,文章里一律译为发射
    • items 直译为项目,条目,在Rx里是指Observable发射的数据项,文章里一律译为数据,数据项

    下面是常用的操作符列表:

    1. 创建操作 Create, Defer, Empty/Never/Throw, From, Interval, Just, Range, Repeat, Start, Timer
    2. 变换操作 Buffer, FlatMap, GroupBy, Map, Scan和Window
    3. 过滤操作 Debounce, Distinct, ElementAt, Filter, First, IgnoreElements, Last, Sample, Skip, SkipLast, Take, TakeLast
    4. 组合操作 And/Then/When, CombineLatest, Join, Merge, StartWith, Switch, Zip
    5. 错误处理 Catch和Retry
    6. 辅助操作 Delay, Do, Materialize/Dematerialize, ObserveOn, Serialize, Subscribe, SubscribeOn, TimeInterval, Timeout, Timestamp, Using
    7. 条件和布尔操作 All, Amb, Contains, DefaultIfEmpty, SequenceEqual, SkipUntil, SkipWhile, TakeUntil, TakeWhile
    8. 算术和集合操作 Average, Concat, Count, Max, Min, Reduce, Sum
    9. 转换操作 To
    10. 连接操作 Connect, Publish, RefCount, Replay
    11. 反压操作,用于增加特殊的流程控制策略的操作符

    下面我们来看第一个操作符:Create

    Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Subscriber<? super Integer> observer) {
            try {
                if (!observer.isUnsubscribed()) {
                    for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
                        observer.onNext(i);
                    }
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                observer.onError(e);
            }
        }
     } ).subscribe(new Subscriber<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void onNext(Integer item) {
                System.out.println("Next: " + item);
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable error) {
                System.err.println("Error: " + error.getMessage());
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onCompleted() {
                System.out.println("Sequence complete.");
            }
        });

    我们一起来看源码

    首先是Observable的create方法

    public final static <T> Observable<T> create(OnSubscribe<T> f) {
        return new Observable<T>(hook.onCreate(f));
    }

    这里没什么,就是返回创建一个Observable对象,但是要注意里面的参数OnSubscribe

    public interface OnSubscribe<T> extends Action1<Subscriber<? super T>> {
        // cover for generics insanity
    }
    
    public interface Action1<T> extends Action {
        void call(T t);
    }

    这个参数是一个接口,它的父类里有个抽象待实现的方法call,而且call方法被传了Subscriber进去

    我们来看Subscriber这个类,原来是个接口,而且它的父类Observer有三个很重要的方法

    public interface Observer<T> {
        void onCompleted();
        void onError(Throwable e);
        void onNext(T t);
    }

    第一个create方法算是完成了,我们可以拆分来看

    Observable<Integer> integerObservable = Observable.create(new Observable.OnSubscribe<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Subscriber<? super Integer> observer) {
            try {
                if (!observer.isUnsubscribed()) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                        observer.onNext(i);
                    }
                    observer.onCompleted();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                observer.onError(e);
            }
        }
    });

    第二个方法subscribe,它的参数也是Subscriber,即intergerObservable.subscribe(Subscriber)

    所以我们就看出来了,Observable这个被观察者先是通过call增加一系列的监听,然后通过subscribe订阅监听。这样,当call里的内容开始执行后,触发监听回调

    下面我要放大招了,我把源码简化了一下

    public interface MyOnSubscribe {
        void call(MySubscriber subscriber);
    }
    
    public interface MySubscriber {
        void onNext();
    
        void onCompleted();
    
        void onError();
    }
    
    public class MyObservable {
    
        MyOnSubscribe onSubscribe;
    
        public MyObservable(MyOnSubscribe onSubscribe) {
            this.onSubscribe = onSubscribe;
        }
    
        public final static MyObservable create(MyOnSubscribe onSubscribe) {
            return new MyObservable(onSubscribe);
        }
    
        public final void subscribe(MySubscriber subscriber) {
            onSubscribe.call(subscriber);
        }
    }

    测试代码

    public void hello() {
            MyObservable.create(new MyOnSubscribe() {
                @Override
                public void call(MySubscriber subscriber) {
                    try {
                        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                            subscriber.onNext();
                        }
                        subscriber.onCompleted();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        subscriber.onError();
                    }
                }
            }).subscribe(new MySubscriber() {
                @Override
                public void onNext() {
                    System.out.println(1);
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onCompleted() {
                    System.out.println("onCompleted");
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onError() {
                    System.out.println("onError");
                }
            });
        }

    得到的结果是一样的。所以说,代码万变不离其中,只要灵活运用接口,接口就是用来监听的

    第二个操作符from

    Integer[] items = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    Observable.from(items).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Integer integer) {
            System.out.println(integer);
        }
    });

    先看Observable的from方法

    public final static <T> Observable<T> from(T[] array) {
        return from(Arrays.asList(array));
    }

    其实就是把数组转成list,但是再点from进去就很重要

    public final static <T> Observable<T> from(Iterable<? extends T> iterable) {
        return create(new OnSubscribeFromIterable<T>(iterable));
    }
    public OnSubscribeFromIterable(Iterable<? extends T> iterable) {
        if (iterable == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("iterable must not be null");
        }
        this.is = iterable;
    }

    OnSubscribeFromIterable是继承自OnSubscribe的,所以后面调的call方法,实际上是调的OnSubscribeFromIterable里的call方法,我们来看一下

    @Override
    public void call(final Subscriber<? super T> o) {
        final Iterator<? extends T> it = is.iterator();
        if (!it.hasNext() && !o.isUnsubscribed())
            o.onCompleted();
        else 
            o.setProducer(new IterableProducer<T>(o, it));
    }

    真相大白了,在这里做了迭代。还有一个操作符just,其实底层里面调的就是from,只不过还限制了参数个数,而且参数类型必须相同,感觉用处不大

    第三个操作符repeat

    Observable.just(1, 2).repeat(4).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Integer integer) {
            System.out.println(integer);
        }
    });

    repeat点进去是OnSubcribRedo.repeat,紧追着count这个参数,会看到一个RedoFinite类

    public static final class RedoFinite implements Func1<Observable<? extends Notification<?>>, Observable<?>> {
        private final long count;
    
        public RedoFinite(long count) {
            this.count = count;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Observable<?> call(Observable<? extends Notification<?>> ts) {
            return ts.map(new Func1<Notification<?>, Notification<?>>() {
    
                int num=0;
                
                @Override
                public Notification<?> call(Notification<?> terminalNotification) {
                    if(count == 0) {
                        return terminalNotification;
                    }
                    
                    num++;
                    if(num <= count) {
                        return Notification.createOnNext(num);
                    } else {
                        return terminalNotification;
                    }
                }
                
            }).dematerialize();
        }
    }

    这里就看到了,有个num++和num<=count判断,就知道是怎么重复的了

    第4个操作符Map和flapMap

    这两个变换操作符可谓非常重要,经常用到,我写了4个例子,请仔细区别,就可以知道它们到底做了什么

    Student student1 = new Student("stark", new Course[]{new Course("Chinese"), new Course("English")});
    Student student2 = new Student("adam", new Course[]{new Course("Math"), new Course("Physical")});
    
    Student[] students = new Student[]{student1, student2};
    Observable.from(students).subscribe(new Action1<Student>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Student student) {
            System.out.println(student.getName());
        }
    });
    
    System.out.println("-------------");
    
    Observable.from(students).map(new Func1<Student, String>() {
        @Override
        public String call(Student student) {
            return student.getName();
        }
    }).subscribe(new Action1<String>() {
        @Override
        public void call(String name) {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    });
    
    System.out.println("-------------");
    
    Observable.from(students).map(new Func1<Student, Course[]>() {
        @Override
        public Course[] call(Student student) {
            return student.getCourses();
        }
    }).subscribe(new Action1<Course[]>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Course[] courses) {
            System.out.println(courses[0].getName());
            System.out.println(courses[1].getName());
        }
    });
    
    System.out.println("-------------");
    
    Observable.from(students).flatMap(new Func1<Student, Observable<Course>>() {
        @Override
        public Observable<Course> call(Student student) {
            return Observable.from(student.getCourses());
        }
    }).subscribe(new Action1<Course>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Course course) {
            System.out.println(course.getName());
        }
    });
    
    输出:
    stark
    adam
    -------------
    stark
    adam
    -------------
    Chinese
    English
    Math
    Physical
    -------------
    Chinese
    English
    Math
    Physical

    如果你仔细看代码,就会发现map就是一对一的转换,flatMap是一对多的转换,转换的前后类型在方法Func1中已经标的很清楚。例子:Func1(Student,String)就代表传参是Student,返回类型是String,具体的实现在call里面student.getName()

    map和flatMap可以看作是将我们经常用到的嵌套循环for(i){for(j)...}...给解耦了,看起来更清楚一些,中间可以插入更多的操作

    源码里面的实现就是迭代,没什么好说

    第5个操作符filter:

    Observable.just(1,2,3,4,5).filter(new Func1<Integer, Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public Boolean call(Integer integer) {
            return integer<4;
        }
    }).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Integer integer) {
            System.out.println(integer);
        }
    });

    先过滤再循环输出

    第6个组合操作符and/then/when

    implementation 'io.reactivex:rxjava-joins:0.22.0'
    
    Observable<String> just1 = Observable.just("A", "B");
    Observable<Integer> just2 = Observable.just(1, 2, 3);
    Pattern2<String, Integer> pattern = JoinObservable.from(just1).and(just2);
    Plan0<String> plan = pattern.then(new Func2<String, Integer, String>() {
        @Override
        public String call(String s, Integer integer) {
            return s + integer;
        }
    });
    JoinObservable.when(plan).toObservable().subscribe(new Action1<String>() {
        @Override
        public void call(String s) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    });
    
    输出:
    A1
    B2

    第7个组合操作符merge:

    Observable<Integer> odds = Observable.just(1, 3, 5);
    Observable<Integer> evens = Observable.just(2, 4, 6);
    Observable.merge(odds,evens).subscribe(new Action1<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Integer integer) {
            System.out.println(integer);
        }
    });
    
    输出:
    1
    3
    5
    2
    4
    6

    第8个操作符doOnNext:

    Observable.just(1, 2, 3).doOnNext(new Action1<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Integer integer) {
            if (integer > 1) {
                throw new RuntimeException("item exceeds maximum value");
            }
        }
    }).subscribe(new Subscriber<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public void onCompleted() {
            System.out.println("onCompleted");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onError(Throwable e) {
            System.out.println("onError");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onNext(Integer integer) {
            System.out.println("next:" + integer);
        }
    });
    
    输出:
    next:1
    onError

    第9个操作符SubscribeOn(Scheduler):即申明在哪个调度器工作

    第10个:android例子:

    Observable.from(new String[]{"one", "two", "three", "four", "five"})
            .subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
            .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
            .subscribe(new Action1<String>() {
                @Override
                public void call(String s) {
                    System.out.println(s);
                }
            });

    大致了解了rxjava的使用和基本原理之后,在后续的使用中遇到不懂的再看文档https://mcxiaoke.gitbooks.io/rxdocs/content/,还有一定要看源码,然后自己亲自尝试,才能加深理解

    欢迎关注我的微信公众号:安卓圈

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/anni-qianqian/p/13959959.html
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