MIddel模块执行顺序:process_request->process_view->views函数->process_response
出现异常执行顺序:process_request->process_view->views函数出现异常->process_exception->process_response
注释:Django只能识别指定的方法名称
中间件中可以定义四个方法,分别是:
- process_request(self,request)
- process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)
- process_template_response(self,request,response)
- process_exception(self, request, exception)
- process_response(self, request, response)
以上方法的返回值可以是None和HttpResonse对象,如果是None,则继续按照django定义的规则向下执行,如果是HttpResonse对象,则直接将该对象返回给用户。
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # author: from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin class Row1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print('管道1') def process_view(self,request, view_func,view_func_args,view_func_kwargs ): print('出来了1') def process_response(self, request, response): print('管道进行中3') return response from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class Row2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print('管道2') # return HttpResponse('跑') def process_view(self,request, view_func,view_func_args,view_func_kwargs ): print('出来了2') def process_response(self, request, response): print('管道进行中2') return response class Row3(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print('管道3') def process_view(self,request, view_func,view_func_args,view_func_kwargs ): print('出来了3') def process_response(self,request,response): print('管道进行中1') return response def process_exception(self, request, exception):#对views报错进行处理 return HttpResponse('出现异常...') def process_template_response(self,request,response): #如果views中的函数返回对象中,具有render方法 print('--------render----------') return HttpResponse('----憨批-----')
setting中配置:
在django项目的settings模块中,有一个 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES 变量,其中每一个元素就是一个中间件,如下图。
MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'Middle.m1.Row1', 'Middle.m1.Row2', 'Middle.m1.Row3',#根据点来进入下一级 ]