• Core篇——初探Core的认证,授权机制


    目录

    1、Cookie-based认证的实现

    2、Jwt Token 的认证与授权

    3、Identity Authentication + EF 的认证

    Cookie-based认证的实现

      cookie认证方式如下图所示,当我们访问一个网页(Admin/Index)时候,这时候系统会检查你是否有权限,假如没有权限,便会我当前Url重定向到登陆页面(/Account/Login),在登陆成功后,系统会返回一个cookie保存在浏览器,此时再带着这个cookie去重新访问你最开始要访问的页面(Admin/Index)。如下图所示。

    我们在.net core 中,也有一套基于cookie-basic的认证方式。

      首先,创建一个Core 2.0的MVC项目,添加两个控制器AdminController代表我们要认证后才能访问的资源,AccountController,模拟登陆。在AccountController中,

     1 [Authorize]
     2     public class AdminController : Controller
     3     {
     4         public IActionResult Index()
     5         {
     6             return View();
     7         }
     8     }
     9 
    10 AdminController
     1 public class AccountController : Controller
     2     {
     3         public async Task<IActionResult> MakeLogin()
     4         {
     5             var claims = new List<Claim>
     6             {
     7                 new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"lmc"),
     8                 new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin")
     9             };
    10             var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(
    11                 claims,
    12                 CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme
    13                 );
    14             await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
    15                 new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity),
    16                 new AuthenticationProperties {
    17                     IsPersistent=true,                              //cookie过期时间设置为持久
    18                     ExpiresUtc= DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(20)      //设置过期20秒
    19                 });
    20             return Ok();
    21         }
    22         public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
    23         {
    24             await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(
    25     CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
    26             return Ok();
    27         }
    28     }
    29 
    30 AccountController

    然后我们配置Startup,将认证服务加入到DI容器&&引用认证中间件。

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
            {
                services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
                    .AddCookie(config=>
                    {
                        config.LoginPath = "/Account/MakeLogin";    //未认证导向登陆的页面,默认为/Account/Login
                        config.Cookie.Name = "lmccookie";           //设置一个cookieName
    
                    });
                services.AddMvc();
            }
    
     public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
            {
                if (env.IsDevelopment())
                {
                    app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
                    app.UseBrowserLink();
                }
                else
                {
                    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
                }
    
                app.UseStaticFiles();
                app.UseAuthentication(); //加入认证中间件
                    ...//// other code
            }
    

      测试下。 直接访问 Admin/Index被重定向到Login并返回我们定义的cookie,我们再带着cookie再次访问Admin/Index

     

    Jwt Token 的认证

    JwtToken 一般用于一些前后端分离的项目或者是移动端的项目。大体流程是用户首先访问目标资源(例如这里的api/values),然后服务器返回一个401或者是403的响应码标识未授权登陆。这时用户应该重新登陆获取token (例如这里的api/token),拿到token以后,请求头里面带着token再去访问目标资源。

     JwtToken 由三部分构成 首先是HEADER,这里面包含了Base64加密过的 加密算法和token的类型;PAYLOAD ,这里包含了一个Base64加密过的 Claims数组;SIGNATURE,包含了使用你的加密算法加密过后的 HEADER  ‘. ’ 和 PAYLOAD 加一个自定义的密钥。

    我们在.net core 中实现下Jwttoken的验证。

    我们在ValuesController 打上[Authorize] 标签。配置我们的startup,在startup ConfigureServices方法中注入认证服务,Configure方法中添加中间件。 此时我们访问api/values=》返回401 的http状态码。

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
            {
                services.Configure<JwtSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("JwtSettings")); //appsettings中读取到jwtsettings节点
                var jwtSetting = new JwtSettings();
                Configuration.Bind("JwtSettings", jwtSetting);
                services.AddAuthentication(options =>
                {                                   // 添加认证头
                    options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                })
                .AddJwtBearer(jo => jo.TokenValidationParameters = new Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenValidationParameters()
                {
                    ValidIssuer = jwtSetting.Issuer,                    //使用者
                    ValidAudience = jwtSetting.Audience,                //颁发者
                    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jwtSetting.SecreKey)) //加密方式
                });
                services.AddMvc();
            }
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
            {
                if (env.IsDevelopment())
                {
                    app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
                }
                app.UseAuthentication();      //注意加入中间件
    
    Startup
    

      

    public class JwtSettings
        {
            public string Issuer { get; set; }   //办法token的人
            public string Audience { get; set; } //token使用者
            public string SecreKey { get; set; } //token加密钥
        }
    
    JwtSettings
    

      

    {
      "Logging": {
        "IncludeScopes": false,
        "Debug": {
          "LogLevel": {
            "Default": "Warning"
          }
        },
        "Console": {
          "LogLevel": {
            "Default": "Warning"
          }
        }
      },
      "JwtSettings": {
        "Audience": "http://localhost:5000",
        "Issuer": "http://localhost:5000",
        "SecreKey": "HelloKeylmclmclmc"
      }
    }
    
    appsettings
    

      

     接下来需要生成token,添加一个AuthorizeController,通过构造函数把jwtsettings 注入进来,添加一个Index的Action 用来生成我们的token。我们需要一个验证下登录用户的用户名密码,所以还需要添加一个ViewModel

    public class LoginViewModel
        {
            [Required]
            public string Name { get; set; }
            [Required]
            public string PassWord { get; set; }
        }
    
    LoginViewModel
    

      

    private JwtSettings _jwtSettings;
            public AuthorizeController(IOptions<JwtSettings> options)       //构造函数注入,拿到appsettings 里面的jwtsettings
            {
                _jwtSettings = options.Value;
            }
            [Route("api/token")]
            [HttpPost]
            public IActionResult Index(LoginViewModel loginViewModel)
            {
                if (!ModelState.IsValid)
                    return BadRequest();
                if (!(loginViewModel.Name == "lmc" && loginViewModel.PassWord == "123456"))
                    return BadRequest();
                var claims = new Claim[]                //实例化一个Claim
                {
                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"lmc"),
                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin")
                };
                var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_jwtSettings.SecreKey));  //将appsettings里面的SecreKey拿到
                var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);             //使用HmacSha256 算法加密
                //生成token,设置过期时间为30分钟, 需要引用System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt 包
                var token = new JwtSecurityToken(_jwtSettings.Issuer, _jwtSettings.Audience, claims, DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30), creds);
                //将token返回
                return Ok(new { token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token) });
            }
    
    AuthorizeController
    

      一切准备就绪,拿到Token。带着token来访问 /api/values,注意token需要带这常量 bearer 。

     

     带着我们的加密钥来jwt官网验证一下。

    基于角色(Role),Claim/Policy 的授权:

    在我们返回token的时候,实例化过一个Claim数组,其中,Role是admin。我们修改ValuesController的Authorize特性标签( [Authorize(Roles = "user")])。

     当我们带着token再去验证时候。然后我们把Claim数组的Role那一项的Value 改为user 便会正常认证。

     基于Claim的验证我们需要做的事在StartUp的ConfigureServices方法中,将授权模块加入到DI容器中。这里我们添加了一个SuperAdminOnlydPolicy

    此时,我们需要在AuthorizeController控制器返回Token的时候,需要在Claim数组中添加一个新的Claim,表示我们的Policy。

     此时,再修改我们的ValuesController控制器的Authorize特性标签。

    PostMan 走一波===》

    Identity +EF Authentication 的认证

    首先,使用net core 的脚手架命令创建一个自带Identity 的mvc项目。然后根据appseetings的数据库配初始化数据库(默认数据库实例是(localdb)\mssqllocaldb,因为我装vs时候没装这个,所以我换成了.) 。

    还原完了数据库,就可以把项目跑起来了,可以根据右上角注册,登录下==》  (其中代码可以自行观看)

     

    然后让我们来自己从头开始实现下这个过程:

    可以在上文中Cookie认证的项目中完成,也可以新建一个空的MVC core项目。添加一个Account控制器,其中存在三个方法(action),注册、登录,登出。

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
    using System.Security.Claims;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
    using MVCOnCookieBaseStudy.ViewModel;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
    using MVCOnCookieBaseStudy.Models;
    
    namespace MVCOnCookieBaseStudy.Controllers
    {
        public class AccountController : Controller
        {
            private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager; //加入Identity自带的注册使用的Manager
            private SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager; //加入Identity自带的登录使用的Manager
    
            public AccountController(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager)
            {
                _userManager = userManager;
                _signInManager = signInManager;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 注册页面
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public IActionResult Register(string returnUrl = "/Home/Index") 
            {
                ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
                return View();
            }
            [HttpPost]
            public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel, string returnUrl = "/Home/Index")
            {
                ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
                if (ModelState.IsValid)  //model 验证
                {
                    ApplicationUser identityUser = new ApplicationUser
                    {
                        Email = registerViewModel.Email,
                        UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
                        NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
                    };
                    var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
                    if (result.Succeeded)
                    {
                        await _signInManager.SignInAsync(identityUser, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });
                        return Redirect(returnUrl);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        foreach(var err in result.Errors)
                        {
                            ModelState.AddModelError("", err.Description);
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                return View();
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 登录页面
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public IActionResult Login(string returnUrl = "/Home/Index")
            {
                ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
                return View();
            }
            [HttpPost]
            public async Task<IActionResult> Login(RegisterViewModel LoginViewModel, string returnUrl = "/Home/Index")
            {
                ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
                var loginUser = await _userManager.FindByEmailAsync(LoginViewModel.Email);
                if (loginUser == null)
                {
                    return View();
                }
                
                await _signInManager.SignInAsync(loginUser, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });
                return Redirect(returnUrl);
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 原来的Cookie登录
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public async Task<IActionResult> MakeLogin()
            {
                var claims = new List<Claim>
                {
                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"lmc"),       
                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin")
                };
                var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(
                    claims,
                    CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme
                    );
                await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
                    new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity),
                    new AuthenticationProperties {
                        IsPersistent=true,                              //cookie过期时间设置为持久
                        ExpiresUtc= DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(20)      //设置过期20秒
                    });
                return Ok();
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 登出
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
            {
                await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();
                return Redirect("/Home/Index");
            }
        }
        //覆盖默认验证
        public class MyCookieTestAuthorize: CookieAuthenticationEvents
        {
            public override Task ValidatePrincipal(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
            {
                return base.ValidatePrincipal(context);
            }
        }
    }
    
    AccountController
    

      

    @using MVCOnCookieBaseStudy.ViewModel
    @model RegisterViewModel
    @{
        ViewData["Title"] = "Register";
    }
    
    <h2>@ViewData["Title"]</h2>
    
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4">
            <form asp-route-returnUrl="@ViewData["ReturnUrl"]" method="post">
                <h4>Create a new account.</h4>
                <hr />
                <div asp-validation-summary="All" class="text-danger"></div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
                    <span asp-validation-for="Email" class="text-danger"></span>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" />
                    <span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="ConfirmPassword"></label>
                    <input asp-for="ConfirmPassword" class="form-control" />
                    <span asp-validation-for="ConfirmPassword" class="text-danger"></span>
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Register</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    @section Scripts {
        @await Html.PartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial")
    }
    
    注册的View
    

      

    @using MVCOnCookieBaseStudy.ViewModel
    @model RegisterViewModel
    @{
        ViewData["Title"] = "Login";
    }
    
    <h2>Login</h2>
    
    
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4">
            <section>
                <form asp-route-returnurl="@ViewData["ReturnUrl"]" method="post">
                    <h4>Use a local account to log in.</h4>
                    <hr />
                    <div asp-validation-summary="All" class="text-danger"></div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                        <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
                        <span asp-validation-for="Email" class="text-danger"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                        <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" />
                        <span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Log in</button>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </section>
        </div>
    </div>
    @section Scripts{ 
        @await Html.PartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");  @*前端验证,需要引用jquery.validate.min.js*@
    }
    
    登录的View
    

      这个过程中需要使用到一个ViewModel,用来传递登录数据

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace MVCOnCookieBaseStudy.ViewModel
    {
        public class RegisterViewModel
        {
            [Required]
            [EmailAddress]
            [Display(Name = "Email")]
            public string Email { get; set; }
    
            [Required]
            [DataType(DataType.Password)]
            [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "The {0} must be at least {2} and at max {1} characters long.", MinimumLength = 6)]
            [Display(Name = "Password")]
            public string Password { get; set; }
    
            [DataType(DataType.Password)]
            [Display(Name = "Confirm password")]
            [Compare("Password", ErrorMessage = "The password and confirmation password do not match.")]
            public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }
        }
    }
    
    RegisterViewModel
    

      添加集成自Identity的User 和 Role还有数据库链接上下文

    public class ApplicationUserRole: IdentityRole
        {
        }
        public class ApplicationUser:IdentityUser
        {
        }
    
    Role&&User
    

      

    public class ApplicationDbContext:IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser,ApplicationUserRole,string>
        {
            public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options) : base(options)
            {
    
            }
        }
    
    数据库链接上下文
    

      接下来配置我们的StartUp,在ConfigureServices方法中 将数据库连接上下文加入DI容器,Identity服务加入DI容器,重新配置下我们的密码规则。(注意在Configure加入认证中间件)

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
            {
                //连接数据库服务加入DI容器
                services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(option =>
                {
                    option.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"));
                });
                //将Identity服务加入DI容器
                services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole>()
                    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
                    .AddDefaultTokenProviders();
                //设置注册密码的规则
                services.Configure<IdentityOptions>(options =>
                {
                    options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;
                    options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;
                    options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;
                });
    
                services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
                    .AddCookie(config=>
                    {
                        config.LoginPath = "/Account/Login";    //未认证导向登陆的页面,默认为/Account/Login
                        config.Cookie.Name = "lmccookie";           //设置一个cookieName
    
                    });
                services.AddMvc();
            }
    
    Startup ConfigServices
    

      

     来源 https://www.cnblogs.com/liumengchen-boke/p/8243393.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/amylis_chen/p/12219737.html
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