netty 的 worker 线程池

pipeline 添加 handler 的时候，如果没有指定线程池，则使用 channel 的 IO 线程池，即 NioEventLoop。

所以，NioEventLoop 的作用是，轮询 SocketChannel 的网络读事件，同时可以处理 handler 中的代码，以及 ChannelOutboundeBuffer 的 addMessage 和 addFlush。 

当执行 ChannelOutboundeBuffer 的 addMessage 和 addFlush 时，如果当前线程就是 channel 的 NioEventLoop，则直接执行，如果不是则封装成任务放入队列中，该线程会从取出队列中的任务执行。

public interface ChannelPipeline
        extends ChannelInboundInvoker, ChannelOutboundInvoker, Iterable<Entry<String, ChannelHandler>> {

    ChannelPipeline addLast(ChannelHandler... handlers);

    ChannelPipeline addLast(EventExecutorGroup group, ChannelHandler... handlers);
}

// io.netty.channel.SingleThreadEventLoop#hasTasks
protected boolean hasTasks() {
    return super.hasTasks() || !tailTasks.isEmpty();
}

// io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor#hasTasks
protected boolean hasTasks() {
    assert inEventLoop();
    return !taskQueue.isEmpty();
}


// io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#run
protected void run() {
    int selectCnt = 0;
    for (;;) {
        try {
            int strategy;
            try {
                // 检查 taskQueue 中是否有任务，有任务时 strategy = 0
                strategy = selectStrategy.calculateStrategy(selectNowSupplier, hasTasks());
                switch (strategy) {
                case SelectStrategy.CONTINUE:
                    continue;

                case SelectStrategy.BUSY_WAIT:
                    // fall-through to SELECT since the busy-wait is not supported with NIO

                case SelectStrategy.SELECT:
                    long curDeadlineNanos = nextScheduledTaskDeadlineNanos();
                    if (curDeadlineNanos == -1L) {
                        curDeadlineNanos = NONE; // nothing on the calendar
                    }
                    nextWakeupNanos.set(curDeadlineNanos);
                    try {
                        if (!hasTasks()) {
                            strategy = select(curDeadlineNanos);
                        }
                    } finally {
                        // This update is just to help block unnecessary selector wakeups
                        // so use of lazySet is ok (no race condition)
                        nextWakeupNanos.lazySet(AWAKE);
                    }
                    // fall through
                default:
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // If we receive an IOException here its because the Selector is messed up. Let's rebuild
                // the selector and retry. https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8566
                rebuildSelector0();
                selectCnt = 0;
                handleLoopException(e);
                continue;
            }

            selectCnt++;
            cancelledKeys = 0;
            needsToSelectAgain = false;
            final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
            boolean ranTasks;
            if (ioRatio == 100) {
                try {
                    if (strategy > 0) {
                        processSelectedKeys();
                    }
                } finally {
                    // Ensure we always run tasks.
                    ranTasks = runAllTasks();
                }
            } else if (strategy > 0) {
                final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
                try {
                    processSelectedKeys();
                } finally {
                    // Ensure we always run tasks.
                    final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
                    ranTasks = runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
                }
            } else {
                // strategy = 0，走这个分支
                ranTasks = runAllTasks(0); // This will run the minimum number of tasks
            }

            if (ranTasks || strategy > 0) {
                if (selectCnt > MIN_PREMATURE_SELECTOR_RETURNS && logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Selector.select() returned prematurely {} times in a row for Selector {}.",
                            selectCnt - 1, selector);
                }
                selectCnt = 0;
            } else if (unexpectedSelectorWakeup(selectCnt)) { // Unexpected wakeup (unusual case)
                selectCnt = 0;
            }
        } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
            // Harmless exception - log anyway
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug(CancelledKeyException.class.getSimpleName() + " raised by a Selector {} - JDK bug?",
                        selector, e);
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            handleLoopException(t);
        }
        // Always handle shutdown even if the loop processing threw an exception.
        try {
            if (isShuttingDown()) {
                closeAll();
                if (confirmShutdown()) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            handleLoopException(t);
        }
    }
}

取出 taskQueue 的任务，在当前线程执行

// io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor#runAllTasks(long)
protected boolean runAllTasks(long timeoutNanos) {
    fetchFromScheduledTaskQueue();
    Runnable task = pollTask();
    if (task == null) {
        afterRunningAllTasks();
        return false;
    }

    final long deadline = timeoutNanos > 0 ? ScheduledFutureTask.nanoTime() + timeoutNanos : 0;
    long runTasks = 0;
    long lastExecutionTime;
    for (;;) {
        safeExecute(task);

        runTasks ++;

        // Check timeout every 64 tasks because nanoTime() is relatively expensive.
        // XXX: Hard-coded value - will make it configurable if it is really a problem.
        if ((runTasks & 0x3F) == 0) {
            lastExecutionTime = ScheduledFutureTask.nanoTime();
            if (lastExecutionTime >= deadline) {
                break;
            }
        }

        task = pollTask();
        if (task == null) {
            lastExecutionTime = ScheduledFutureTask.nanoTime();
            break;
        }
    }

    afterRunningAllTasks();
    this.lastExecutionTime = lastExecutionTime;
    return true;
}

NioEventLoop 兼具执行 IO 和业务操作的能力，通常情况为了避免 IO 和业务处理互相影响，添加 handler 会指定线程池。

往 socket 写数据的终点：

io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel#doWrite