• Spring注解驱动开发(二)-----生命周期、属性赋值


    bean的生命周期

    bean的生命周期:
    bean创建---初始化----销毁的过程
    容器管理bean的生命周期;
    我们可以自定义初始化和销毁方法;容器在bean进行到当前生命周期的时候来调用我们自定义的初始化和销毁方法-----一共四种方式

    构造(对象创建)

    单实例:在容器启动的时候创建对象
    多实例:在每次获取的时候创建对象

    初始化:

    对象创建完成,并赋值好,调用初始化方法。。。

    销毁:

    单实例:容器关闭的时候
    多实例:容器不会管理这个bean;容器不会调用销毁方法;

    指定方式

    1、指定初始化和销毁方法;

    通过@Bean指定init-method和destroy-method;

    MainConfigOfLifeCycle:

    package com.atguigu.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
    
    import com.atguigu.bean.Car;
    
    @Configuration
    public class MainConfigOfLifeCycle {
        
        @Bean(initMethod="init",destroyMethod="detory")
        public Car car(){
            return new Car();
        }
    
    }

    car:

    package com.atguigu.bean;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class Car {
        
        public Car(){
            System.out.println("car constructor...");
        }
        
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("car ... init...");
        }
        
        public void detory(){
            System.out.println("car ... detory...");
        }
    
    }

    2、通过让Bean实现InitializingBean(定义初始化逻辑),DisposableBean(定义销毁逻辑);

    Cat:

    package com.atguigu.bean;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class Cat implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean {
        
        public Cat(){
            System.out.println("cat constructor...");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            System.out.println("cat...destroy...");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            System.out.println("cat...afterPropertiesSet...");
        }
    
    }

    MainConfigOfLifeCycle

    @ComponentScan("com.atguigu.bean")
    @Configuration
    public class MainConfigOfLifeCycle {
    
    }

    3、可以使用JSR250;

    @PostConstruct:在bean创建完成并且属性赋值完成;来执行初始化方法
    @PreDestroy:在容器销毁bean之前通知我们进行清理工作

    Dog:

    package com.atguigu.bean;
    
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
    import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class Dog {
        
        public Dog(){
            System.out.println("dog constructor...");
        }
        
        //对象创建并赋值之后调用
        @PostConstruct
        public void init(){
            System.out.println("Dog....@PostConstruct...");
        }
        
        //容器移除对象之前
        @PreDestroy
        public void detory(){
            System.out.println("Dog....@PreDestroy...");
        }
    }

    MainConfigOfLifeCycle:

    @ComponentScan("com.atguigu.bean")
    @Configuration
    public class MainConfigOfLifeCycle {
    
    }

    4、BeanPostProcessor【interface】:bean的后置处理器;

    在bean初始化前后进行一些处理工作;
    postProcessBeforeInitialization:在初始化之前工作
    postProcessAfterInitialization:在初始化之后工作

    MyBeanPostProcessor:

    package com.atguigu.bean;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * 后置处理器:初始化前后进行处理工作
     * 将后置处理器加入到容器中
     * @author lfy
     */
    @Component
    public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization..."+beanName+"=>"+bean);
            return bean;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization..."+beanName+"=>"+bean);
            return bean;
        }
    
    }

    在bean初始化(调用构造方法)之后----->调用postProcessBeforeInitialization()----->@PostConstruct -----> InitializingBean -----> init-methodinit()方法----->postProcessAfterInitialization()

    BeanPostProcessor原理 

    执行顺序

    -----BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization
    |-----初始化:对象创建完成,并赋值好,调用初始化方法。。。
    -----BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization

    执行流程(BeanPostProcessor原理)

    1、populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);-----给bean进行属性赋值

    2、initializeBean
          {
        applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
        invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);-----执行自定义初始化
        applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
           }

    :遍历得到容器中所有的BeanPostProcessor;挨个执行beforeInitialization,
    一但返回null,跳出for循环,不会执行后面的BeanPostProcessor.postProcessorsBeforeInitialization

    spring底层对BeanPostProcessor的使用

    1、ApplicationContextAware-----实现ApplicationContextAware接口后,就可以将ApplicationContext对象通过setApplicationContext()注入。

    package com.atguigu.bean;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class Dog implements ApplicationContextAware {
        
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
        @Override
        public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
            this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    }

    属性赋值

    @Value赋值 

    1、MainConfigOfPropertyValues 

    package com.atguigu.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
    
    import com.atguigu.bean.Person;
    
    //使用@PropertySource读取外部配置文件中的k/v保存到运行的环境变量中;加载完外部的配置文件以后使用${}取出配置文件的值
    @PropertySource(value={"classpath:/person.properties"})
    @Configuration
    public class MainConfigOfPropertyValues {
        
        @Bean
        public Person person(){
            return new Person();
        }
    
    }

    2、Person

    package com.atguigu.bean;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    
    public class Person {
        
        //使用@Value赋值;
        //1、基本数值
        //2、可以写SpEL; #{}
        //3、可以写${};取出配置文件【properties】中的值(在运行环境变量里面的值)
        
        @Value("张三")
        private String name;
        @Value("#{20-2}")
        private Integer age;
        
        @Value("${person.nickName}")
        private String nickName;
            
        public String getNickName() {
            return nickName;
        }
        public void setNickName(String nickName) {
            this.nickName = nickName;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person(String name, Integer age) {
            super();
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
        public Person() {
            super();
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", nickName=" + nickName + "]";
        }
    }

    3、person.properties

    person.nickName=李四

    注:对于在classpath路径下的配置文件,也可以通过如下方式获取属性。配置文件的值都会加载到environment环境变量中,可以直接从环境变量中取值。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/alimayun/p/11105154.html
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