python进程

创建进程的类：Process([group [, target [, name [, args [, kwargs]]]]])，target表示调用对象，args表示调用对象的位置参数元组。kwargs表示调用对象的字典。name为别名。group实质上不使用。
方法：is_alive()、join([timeout])、run()、start()、terminate()。其中，Process以start()启动某个进程。

属性：authkey、daemon（要通过start()设置）、exitcode(进程在运行时为None、如果为–N，表示被信号N结束）、name、pid。其中daemon是父进程终止后自动终止，且自己不能产生新进程，必须在start()之前设置。

例1.1：创建函数并将其作为单个进程

import multiprocessing
import time

def worker(interval):
    n = 5
    while n > 0:
        print("The time is {0}".format(time.ctime()))
        time.sleep(interval)
        n -= 1

if __name__ == "__main__":
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker, args = (3,))
    p.start()
    print "p.pid:", p.pid
    print "p.name:", p.name
    print "p.is_alive:", p.is_alive()

结果

p.pid: 8736
p.name: Process-1
p.is_alive: True
The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:12 2015
The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:15 2015
The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:18 2015
The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:21 2015
The time is Tue Apr 21 20:55:24 2015

例1.2：创建函数并将其作为多个进程

import multiprocessing
import time

def worker_1(interval):
    print "worker_1"
    time.sleep(interval)
    print "end worker_1"

def worker_2(interval):
    print "worker_2"
    time.sleep(interval)
    print "end worker_2"

def worker_3(interval):
    print "worker_3"
    time.sleep(interval)
    print "end worker_3"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker_1, args = (2,))
    p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker_2, args = (3,))
    p3 = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker_3, args = (4,))

    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p3.start()

    print("The number of CPU is:" + str(multiprocessing.cpu_count()))
    for p in multiprocessing.active_children():
        print("child   p.name:" + p.name + "	p.id" + str(p.pid))
    print "END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

结果

The number of CPU is:4
child   p.name:Process-3    p.id7992
child   p.name:Process-2    p.id4204
child   p.name:Process-1    p.id6380
END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
worker_1
worker_3
worker_2
end worker_1
end worker_2
end worker_3

例1.3：将进程定义为类

import multiprocessing
import time

class ClockProcess(multiprocessing.Process):
    def __init__(self, interval):
        multiprocessing.Process.__init__(self)
        self.interval = interval

    def run(self):
        n = 5
        while n > 0:
            print("the time is {0}".format(time.ctime()))
            time.sleep(self.interval)
            n -= 1

if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = ClockProcess(3)
    p.start() 

注：进程p调用start()时，自动调用run()

结果

the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:30 2015
the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:33 2015
the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:36 2015
the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:39 2015
the time is Tue Apr 21 20:31:42 2015

　　

例1.4：daemon程序对比结果

#1.4-1 不加daemon属性

import multiprocessing
import time

def worker(interval):
    print("work start:{0}".format(time.ctime()));
    time.sleep(interval)
    print("work end:{0}".format(time.ctime()));

if __name__ == "__main__":
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker, args = (3,))
    p.start()
    print "end!"

结果

end!
work start:Tue Apr 21 21:29:10 2015
work end:Tue Apr 21 21:29:13 2015

#1.4-2 加上daemon属性

import multiprocessing
import time

def worker(interval):
    print("work start:{0}".format(time.ctime()));
    time.sleep(interval)
    print("work end:{0}".format(time.ctime()));

if __name__ == "__main__":
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker, args = (3,))
    p.daemon = True
    p.start()
    print "end!"

结果

end!

注：因子进程设置了daemon属性，主进程结束，它们就随着结束了。

#1.4-3 设置daemon执行完结束的方法

import multiprocessing
import time

def worker(interval):
    print("work start:{0}".format(time.ctime()));
    time.sleep(interval)
    print("work end:{0}".format(time.ctime()));

if __name__ == "__main__":
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target = worker, args = (3,))
    p.daemon = True
    p.start()
    p.join()
    print "end!"

结果

work start:Tue Apr 21 22:16:32 2015
work end:Tue Apr 21 22:16:35 2015
end!