• 关于rpm的命令


    我是从这里学的:https://www.cnblogs.com/picaso/archive/2012/07/02/2573748.html

        软件的安装时操作系统管理的基础,与Windows不同,Linux的软件管理有很多种方式,Redhat的最常用的是RPM方式,安装集成在光盘中的RPM包。这种方式比Windows平台的软件管理更加便捷(个人感觉,总体感觉Windows程序安装于卸载有点复杂),使用起来也更加的心用手。

      1、Redhat中的rpm包的位置——  光盘目录中的  Package 目录全部都是。

      2、RPM常用命令解读:

        a、安装程序:    rpm -ivh <软件包的绝对路径>   #i为install;v,verbose;h,hash

    [root@asdf /]# rpm -ivh /media/RHEL_6.1 i386 Disc 1/Packages/vsftpd-2.2.2-6.el6_0.1.i686.rpm 

        b、卸载程序:    rpm -e  <软件名>

    [root@asdf /]# rpm -e vsftpd  # e => erase 、uninstall
    [root@asdf /]# rpm -q vsftpd   #检测一下是否已卸载
    package vsftpd is not installed

    rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps  #卸载所有yum相关包

        c、查询指定软件是否已安装:   rpm -q  <软件名>   /    rpm  -qa <软件名> /  rpm -qa | grep <软件名>

    复制代码
    [root@asdf /]# rpm -q yum     # q,query
    yum-3.2.29-17.el6.noarch
    [root@peano /]# rpm -qa yum   #这个命令没有上一个命令快
    yum-3.2.29-17.el6.noarch
    [root@peano /]# rpm -qa | grep yum    #该命令使用管道进行正则匹配
    yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686
    PackageKit-yum-0.5.8-19.el6.i686
    yum-utils-1.1.30-6.el6.noarch
    yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-26.el6.noarch
    PackageKit-yum-plugin-0.5.8-19.el6.i686
    yum-3.2.29-17.el6.noarch
    复制代码

        d、查询已安装软件中的某一个文件的软件包的详细名称:  rpm -qf <某一文件>

    [root@peano /]# rpm -qf /etc/yum.conf   #qf, query file
    yum-3.2.29-17.el6.noarch

        e、查询已安装程序都安装在哪里:  rpm -ql  <程序名>

    复制代码
    [root@asdf /]# rpm -ql yum    #猜测:  ql,query location
    /etc/bash_completion.d
    /etc/bash_completion.d/yum.bash
    /etc/logrotate.d/yum
    /etc/yum
    /etc/yum.conf
    /etc/yum.repos.d
    /etc/yum/pluginconf.d
    /etc/yum/protected.d
    /etc/yum/vars
    /etc/yum/version-groups.conf
    /usr/bin/yum
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/__init__.py
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/__init__.pyc
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/__init__.pyo
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/arch.py
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/arch.pyc
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/arch.pyo
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/miscutils.py
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/miscutils.pyc
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/miscutils.pyo
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/oldUtils.py
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/oldUtils.pyc
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/oldUtils.pyo
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/transaction.py
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/transaction.pyc
    /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/rpmUtils/transaction.pyo
    ---More---
    复制代码

        f、查询已安装软件包信息:  rpm -qi <软件名>

    复制代码
    [root@asdf /]# rpm -qi yum     #qi,  query infomation
    Name        : yum                          Relocations: (not relocatable)
    Version     : 3.2.29                            Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
    Release     : 17.el6                        Build Date: Thu 28 Apr 2011 10:43:39 AM PDT
    Install Date: Mon 02 Jul 2012 02:58:17 AM PDT      Build Host: x86-005.build.bos.redhat.com
    Group       : System Environment/Base       Source RPM: yum-3.2.29-17.el6.src.rpm
    Size        : 4640583                          License: GPLv2+
    Signature   : RSA/8, Fri 29 Apr 2011 06:41:01 AM PDT, Key ID 199e2f91fd431d51
    Packager    : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
    URL         : http://yum.baseurl.org/
    Summary     : RPM package installer/updater/manager
    Description :
    Yum is a utility that can check for and automatically download and
    install updated RPM packages. Dependencies are obtained and downloaded
    automatically, prompting the user for permission as necessary.
    [root@asdf /]# 
    复制代码

         g、查询已安装软件的文档位置信息:rpm -qd <软件名>

    复制代码
    [root@asdf /]# rpm -qd yum     #qd, query document
    /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29/AUTHORS
    /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29/COPYING
    /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29/ChangeLog
    /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29/INSTALL
    /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29/README
    /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29/TODO
    /usr/share/man/man5/yum.conf.5.gz
    /usr/share/man/man8/yum-shell.8.gz
    /usr/share/man/man8/yum.8.gz
    [root@asdf /]# 
    复制代码

        h、查询已安装软件的依赖关系:  rpm -qR <软件名>

    复制代码
    [root@asdf /]# rpm -qR yum    # qR ,query relation
    /usr/bin/python  
    config(yum) = 3.2.29-17.el6
    pygpgme  
    python >= 2.4
    python(abi) = 2.6
    python-iniparse  
    python-sqlite  
    python-urlgrabber >= 3.9.0-8
    rpm >= 0:4.4.2
    rpm-python  
    rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
    rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
    rpmlib(PartialHardlinkSets) <= 4.0.4-1
    rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
    rpmlib(VersionedDependencies) <= 3.0.3-1
    yum-metadata-parser >= 1.1.0
    rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1
    复制代码

        I、如果想查询未安装软件包的相关信息,可以在以上a-h的命令参数中加入一个小写的 p 即可查询相关的参数,比如h中的,查询依赖关系:

    复制代码
    [root@asdf Packages]# rpm -qpc vsftpd-2.2.2-6.el6_0.1.i686.rpm 
    warning: vsftpd-2.2.2-6.el6_0.1.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
    /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
    /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
    /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
    /etc/vsftpd/user_list
    /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
    [root@asdf Packages]# 
    复制代码

        J、对软件的更新操作有两种方式——rpm -Uvh 和-Fvh,两者区别在于前者在对没有安装的软件将自动安装,而后者将不安装处理;如果降级,可以采用以下命令

    rpm -Uvh --oldpackage gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4.i386.rpm //新版本降级为旧版
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aiyr/p/8184232.html
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