2019 SDN上机第7次作业

1.根据P4教程，将basic和basic_tunnel两个案例程序补充完整，成功运行

/* -*- P4_16 -*- */
#include <core.p4>
#include <v1model.p4>

const bit<16> TYPE_IPV4 = 0x800;

/*************************************************************************
*********************** H E A D E R S  ***********************************
*************************************************************************/

typedef bit<9>  egressSpec_t;
typedef bit<48> macAddr_t;
typedef bit<32> ip4Addr_t;

header ethernet_t {
    macAddr_t dstAddr;
    macAddr_t srcAddr;
    bit<16>   etherType;
}

header ipv4_t {
    bit<4>    version;
    bit<4>    ihl;
    bit<8>    diffserv;
    bit<16>   totalLen;
    bit<16>   identification;
    bit<3>    flags;
    bit<13>   fragOffset;
    bit<8>    ttl;
    bit<8>    protocol;
    bit<16>   hdrChecksum;
    ip4Addr_t srcAddr;
    ip4Addr_t dstAddr;
}

struct metadata {
    /* empty */
}

struct headers {
    ethernet_t   ethernet;
    ipv4_t       ipv4;
}

/*************************************************************************
*********************** P A R S E R  ***********************************
*************************************************************************/

parser MyParser(packet_in packet,
                out headers hdr,
                inout metadata meta,
                inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata){

    state start {
        transition parser_ethernet; //转移到以太网包头的状态
    }
        
    state packet_ethernet{
        packet.extract(hdr.ethernet);   //提取以太网包头
        transition select(hdr.ethernet.etherType){   //由协议转移到相关状态
            0x0800: parser_ipv4; //ipv4协议
            default: accept;
        }
    }
    state parser_ipv4{
        packet.extract(hdr.ipv4);   //提取ipv4包头
        transition accept;
    }
}


/*************************************************************************
************   C H E C K S U M    V E R I F I C A T I O N   *************
*************************************************************************/

control MyVerifyChecksum(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {   
    apply {  }
}


/*************************************************************************
**************  I N G R E S S   P R O C E S S I N G   *******************
*************************************************************************/

control MyIngress(inout headers hdr,
                  inout metadata meta,
                  inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {
    action drop() {
        mark_to_drop(standard_metadata);
    }
    
    action ipv4_forward(macAddr_t dstAddr, egressSpec_t port) {
        //转发步骤
        standard_metadata.egress_spec = port;   //设置下一跳的出口端口
        hdr.ethernet.srcAddr = hdr.ethernet.dstAddr;    //更新源地址（到达下一跳）
        hdr.ethernet.dstAddr = dstAddr; //更新目标地址
        hdr.ipv4.ttl = hdr.ipv4.ttl - 1;    //ttl减1
    }
    
    table ipv4_lpm {
        key = {
            hdr.ipv4.dstAddr: lpm;
        }
        actions = {
            ipv4_forward;
            drop;
            NoAction;
        }
        size = 1024;
        default_action = NoAction();
    }
    
    apply {
        if (hdr.ipv4.isValid()) {
            ipv4_lpm.apply();
        }
    }
}

/*************************************************************************
****************  E G R E S S   P R O C E S S I N G   *******************
*************************************************************************/

control MyEgress(inout headers hdr,
                 inout metadata meta,
                 inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {
    apply {  }
}

/*************************************************************************
*************   C H E C K S U M    C O M P U T A T I O N   **************
*************************************************************************/

control MyComputeChecksum(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {
     apply {
    update_checksum(
        hdr.ipv4.isValid(),
            { hdr.ipv4.version,
          hdr.ipv4.ihl,
              hdr.ipv4.diffserv,
              hdr.ipv4.totalLen,
              hdr.ipv4.identification,
              hdr.ipv4.flags,
              hdr.ipv4.fragOffset,
              hdr.ipv4.ttl,
              hdr.ipv4.protocol,
              hdr.ipv4.srcAddr,
              hdr.ipv4.dstAddr },
            hdr.ipv4.hdrChecksum,
            HashAlgorithm.csum16);
    }
}


/*************************************************************************
***********************  D E P A R S E R  *******************************
*************************************************************************/

control MyDeparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
    //数据包重组
    apply {
        packet.emit(hdr.ethernet);  // 这里要注意先后顺序
        packet.emit(hdr.ipv4);
    }
}

/*************************************************************************
***********************  S W I T C H  *******************************
*************************************************************************/

V1Switch(
MyParser(),
MyVerifyChecksum(),
MyIngress(),
MyEgress(),
MyComputeChecksum(),
MyDeparser()
) main;

终端打开basic文件夹，终端输入make run

net查看拓扑结构

pingall查看连通性

二、补充并运行basic_tunnel案例程序（basic_tunnel程序主要功能是定义新的头部类型并修改交换机部分的代码，从而将消息封装进IP数据包并让目标端口使用新的头部类型）

补充的代码如下所示

/* -*- P4_16 -*- */
#include <core.p4>
#include <v1model.p4>

const bit<16> TYPE_MYTUNNEL = 0x1212;
const bit<16> TYPE_IPV4 = 0x800;

/*************************************************************************
*********************** H E A D E R S  ***********************************
*************************************************************************/

typedef bit<9>  egressSpec_t;
typedef bit<48> macAddr_t;
typedef bit<32> ip4Addr_t;

header ethernet_t {
    macAddr_t dstAddr;
    macAddr_t srcAddr;
    bit<16>   etherType;
}

header myTunnel_t {
    bit<16> proto_id;
    bit<16> dst_id;
}

header ipv4_t {
    bit<4>    version;
    bit<4>    ihl;
    bit<8>    diffserv;
    bit<16>   totalLen;
    bit<16>   identification;
    bit<3>    flags;
    bit<13>   fragOffset;
    bit<8>    ttl;
    bit<8>    protocol;
    bit<16>   hdrChecksum;
    ip4Addr_t srcAddr;
    ip4Addr_t dstAddr;
}

struct metadata {
    /* empty */
}

struct headers {
    ethernet_t   ethernet;
    myTunnel_t   myTunnel;
    ipv4_t       ipv4;
}

/*************************************************************************
*********************** P A R S E R  ***********************************
*************************************************************************/

parser MyParser(packet_in packet,
                out headers hdr,
                inout metadata meta,
                inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {

    state start {
        transition parse_ethernet;
    }

    state parse_ethernet {
        packet.extract(hdr.ethernet);
        transition select(hdr.ethernet.etherType) {
            TYPE_MYTUNNEL: parse_myTunnel;
            TYPE_IPV4: parse_ipv4;
            default: accept;
        }
    }

    state parse_myTunnel {
        packet.extract(hdr.myTunnel);
        transition select(hdr.myTunnel.proto_id) {
            TYPE_IPV4: parse_ipv4;
            default: accept;
        }
    }

    state parse_ipv4 {
        packet.extract(hdr.ipv4);
        transition accept;
    }

}

/*************************************************************************
************   C H E C K S U M    V E R I F I C A T I O N   *************
*************************************************************************/

control MyVerifyChecksum(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) {   
    apply {  }
}


/*************************************************************************
**************  I N G R E S S   P R O C E S S I N G   *******************
*************************************************************************/

control MyIngress(inout headers hdr,
                  inout metadata meta,
                  inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {
    action drop() {
        mark_to_drop(standard_metadata);
    }
    
    action ipv4_forward(macAddr_t dstAddr, egressSpec_t port) {
        standard_metadata.egress_spec = port;
        hdr.ethernet.srcAddr = hdr.ethernet.dstAddr;
        hdr.ethernet.dstAddr = dstAddr;
        hdr.ipv4.ttl = hdr.ipv4.ttl - 1;
    }
    
    table ipv4_lpm {
        key = {
            hdr.ipv4.dstAddr: lpm;
        }
        actions = {
            ipv4_forward;
            drop;
            NoAction;
        }
        size = 1024;
        default_action = drop();
    }
    
    action myTunnel_forward(egressSpec_t port) {
        standard_metadata.egress_spec = port;
    }

    table myTunnel_exact {
        key = {
            hdr.myTunnel.dst_id: exact;
        }
        actions = {
            myTunnel_forward;
            drop;
        }
        size = 1024;
        default_action = drop();
    }

    apply {
        if (hdr.ipv4.isValid() && !hdr.myTunnel.isValid()) {
            // Process only non-tunneled IPv4 packets
            ipv4_lpm.apply();
        }

        if (hdr.myTunnel.isValid()) {
            // process tunneled packets
            myTunnel_exact.apply();
        }
    }
}

/*************************************************************************
****************  E G R E S S   P R O C E S S I N G   *******************
*************************************************************************/

control MyEgress(inout headers hdr,
                 inout metadata meta,
                 inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) {
    apply {  }
}

/*************************************************************************
*************   C H E C K S U M    C O M P U T A T I O N   **************
*************************************************************************/

control MyComputeChecksum(inout headers  hdr, inout metadata meta) {
     apply {
    update_checksum(
        hdr.ipv4.isValid(),
            { hdr.ipv4.version,
          hdr.ipv4.ihl,
              hdr.ipv4.diffserv,
              hdr.ipv4.totalLen,
              hdr.ipv4.identification,
              hdr.ipv4.flags,
              hdr.ipv4.fragOffset,
              hdr.ipv4.ttl,
              hdr.ipv4.protocol,
              hdr.ipv4.srcAddr,
              hdr.ipv4.dstAddr },
            hdr.ipv4.hdrChecksum,
            HashAlgorithm.csum16);
    }
}

/*************************************************************************
***********************  D E P A R S E R  *******************************
*************************************************************************/

control MyDeparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) {
    apply {
        packet.emit(hdr.ethernet);
        packet.emit(hdr.myTunnel);
        packet.emit(hdr.ipv4);
    }
}

/*************************************************************************
***********************  S W I T C H  *******************************
*************************************************************************/

V1Switch(
MyParser(),
MyVerifyChecksum(),
MyIngress(),
MyEgress(),
MyComputeChecksum(),
MyDeparser()
) main;

终端打开basic_tunnel文件，终端输入make run命令运行

pingall测试连通性

在mininet命令提示符界面输入xterm h1 h2来模拟两个终端

在主机h2的xterm界面运行receive.py文件

通过主机h1向主机h2发送信息

./send.py 10.0.2.2 "P4 is cool!"

主机1的xterm界面修改IP地址，再一次发送信息

./send.py 10.0.1.1 "I receive the message!"--dst_id 2

3、对P4的认识和体会

P4是在Openflow以上进一步的概念 , P4的底层仍然可以算是Openflow的技术,还是SDN控制
器，像SDN交换机发放flow table ,但是这一次flow table的内容除了转发规则意外,也就是除了FIB级别的规则以外( FIB级别的规则,比如说数据包判断下路径是什么,怎么转发) , 还可以进一步控制数据包怎么处理。