Ubuntu vsftpd 安装配置
[日期：2007-11-19] 来源：Linux公社 作者：vsftpd
1. 安装
$sudo apt-get install vsftpd
2. 启动
$sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start
关闭
$sudo /etc/init.d/vsfptd stop
重启
$sudo /etc/init.d/vsfptd.restart
3. 配置
配置文件在/etc/vsftpd.conf。关于配置解释转载自文章：用vsftp建立个ftp站点。
首先是最基本的配置,请看我的/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
################################################################
#接受匿名用户
anonymous_enable=YES
#匿名用户login时不询问口令
no_anon_password=YES
#接受本地用户
local_enable=YES
#可以上传(全局控制).若想要匿名用户也可上传则需要设置anon_upload_enable=YES,若想要匿名用户可以建立目录则需要设置anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES.这里禁止匿名用户上传,所以不设置这两项.
write_enable=YES
#本地用户上传文件的umask
local_umask=022
#使用上传/下载日志,日志文件默认为/var/log/vsftpd.log,可以通过xferlog_file选项修改
xferlog_enable=YES
#日志使用标准xferlog格式
xferlog_std_format=YES
#login时的欢迎信息
ftpd_banner=Welcome to KingArthur's FTP service.
#设置的话将覆盖上面的ftpd_banner设置,用户login时将显示/etc/vsftpd/banner中的内容
banner_file=/etc/vsftpd/banner
#为YES则进入目录时显示此目录下由message_file选项指定的文本文件(,默认为.message)的内容
dirmessage_enable=YES
#本地用户login后所在目录,若没有设置此项,则本地用户login后将在他的home目录(/etc/passwd的第六个字段)中.匿名用户的对应选项是anon_root
local_root=/var/ftp
#设置为YES则下面的控制有效
chroot_list_enable=YES
#若为NO,则记录在chroot_list_file选项所指定的文件(默认是/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list)中的用户将被chroot在登录后所在目录中,无法离开.如果为YES,则所记录的用户将不被chroot.这里选择YES.
chroot_local_user=YES
#若设置为YES则记录在userlist_file选项指定文件(默认是/etc/vsftpd.user_list)中的用户将无法login,并且将检察下面的userlist_deny选项
userlist_enable=YES
#若为NO,则仅接受记录在userlist_file选项指定文件(默认是/etc/vsftpd.user_list)中的用户的login请求.若为YES则不接受这些用户的请求.
userlist_deny=NO
#注意!!!vsftpd还要检察/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers文件,记录在这个文件中的用户将无法login!!
#服务器以standalong模式运行,这样可以进行下面的控制
listen=YES
#匿名用户的传输比率(b/s)
anon_max_rate=51200
#本地用户的传输比率(b/s)
local_max_rate=512000
#可接受的最大client数目
max_clients=100
#每个ip的最大client数目
max_per_ip=5
connect_from_port_20=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#############################################################
下面是我的/etc/vsftpd.user_list
#################################################################
ftpuser
anonymous
##################################################################
/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers可以使用系统自带的文件
/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list内容为空
接着建立系统用户ftpuser,将他加入ftp组并将/etc/passwd中他的记录的最后一个字段改成/sbin/nologin(禁止本地登录).
设置/var/ftp的所有者和所有组为root,权限为755
设置/var/ftp/pub的所有者为root,所有组为ftp,权限为775
至此vsftpd的基本配置就完成了.这里我们接受匿名用户anonymous和本地用户ftpuser的请求.anonymous只能下载, ftpuser可以下载和上传.他们登录后均在/var/ftp目录下且无法离开这个目录(被chroot了).ftpuser可以在 /var/ftp/pub目录中建立目录和上传文件,上传文件的权限为755(设置了local_umask=022).匿名用户的传输比率为 50kb/s,ftpuser的传输比率为500kb/s.可联接的最多客户数为100,每ip可联接的最多客户数为5.
如果需要使本地用户ftpput可以login,只需要将他加入/etc/vsftpd.user_list,要使他可以上传,只需将他加入ftp组.
接着我们可以在/var/ftp下的各个目录(包括/var/ftp)下建立.message文件,这样用户进入这个目录时vsftpd将显示. message的内容,你可以在这里面写上欢迎信息或者注意事项等等.另外可以编辑/etc/vsftpd/banner,建立login时的欢迎信息, 让你的ftp更加个性化.
下面我们使用quota为ftpuser加入磁盘限额,避免恶意用户用垃圾数据塞满你的硬盘.
假设/var/ftp在根分区/(/dev/hda5)中,则将/etc/fstab中根分区的记录的第4个字段改成defaults,usrquota,这样这条记录看起来类似这样:
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults,usrquota 1 1
接着重启系统后输入下列命令:
quotacheck -acu #检查启用了配额的文件系统，并为每个文件系统建立一个当前磁盘用来的表
quotacheck -avu #生成每个启用了配额的文件系统的当前磁盘用量表
edquota ftpuser #为用户ftpuser设置磁盘配额
这时系统会在默认文本编辑器(vi)中打开配额文件,显示类似这样:
Disk quotas for user ftpuser (uid 501):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/hda5 0 0 0 0 0 0
第一列是启用了配额的文件系统的名称。第二列显示了用户当前使用的块数。随后的两列用来设置用户在该文件系统上的软硬块限度。inodes 列显示了用户当前使用的i节点数量。最后两列用来设置用户在该文件系统上的软硬i节点限度.硬限是用户或组群可以使用的磁盘空间的绝对最大值。达到了该限度后，磁盘空间就不能再被用户或组群使用了。软限定义可被使用的最大磁盘空间量。和硬限不同的是，软限可以在一段时期内被超过。这段时期被称为过渡期（grace period）。过渡期可以用秒钟、分钟、小时、天数、周数、或月数表示。如果以上值中的任何一个被设置为 0，那个限度就不会被设置.按你的需要修改后存盘推出.
要校验用户的配额是否被设置，使用以下命令：
quota testuser
接着使用edquota -t来设置过渡期（grace period）
和另一个 edquota 命令相似，这个命令也会在文本编辑器中打开当前的文件系统配额：
Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users:
Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds
Filesystem Block grace period Inode grace period
/dev/hda5 7days 7days
按你的需要修改后存盘退出
vsftpd.conf demo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
#
# Debian customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the Debian filesystem layout by
# default. These settings are more Debian-friendly.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
#rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
#local_root = /home/ftp
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