• Python3---高级应用---代理爬虫


    前言

    文章主要讲解如何通过Python3来进行代理爬虫,使用模块包括urllib.request.HTTPHander(),urllib.request.build_opener(http_handler),ProxyHandler()模块的使用。

    创建时间:20191223

    天象独行

      首先,关于在理解urllib.request.HTTPHander(),urllib.request.build_opener(http_handler)之前,我们需要了解一下urllib.request.urlopen(url,data,timeout)方法,我们都知道urllib.request.urlopen()的作用是发出一个URL的请求。其实本质上urllib.request.urlopen()是一个特殊的opener,也可以理解为Python3语言自带的一个opener。与众不同的是这哥们不支持代理等功能。那么问题来了?如果我需要设定代理来访问就不能使用urllib.request.urlopen()。之前我们提到urllib.request.urlopen()本身就是一个特殊的opener,那么我们能不能自定义一个opener呢。答案当然是可以得。

      创建普通opener:

    import urllib.request
    import urllib.parse
    
    '''
    创建一个opener对象步骤
        1;创建相关的Handler处理器
        2;创建opener对象
    '''
    #创建相关的Handler处理器
    new_handler = urllib.request.HTTPHandler
    #创建自定义opener对象
    new_opener = urllib.request.build_opener(new_handler)
    '''
    创建新的new_opener之后,可以正常向urllib.request.urlopen()一样使用来访问URL。
    举例:
        url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/aaron456-rgv/p/12051754.html"
        new_request = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=heasers)
        result = new_opener.open(new_request)
    '''

      创建代理opener:

    import urllib.request
    import urllib.parse
    import random
    
    '''
    创建一个opener对象步骤
        1;创建相关的Handler处理器
        2;创建opener对象
    '''
    #定义一个代理IP地址列表
    proxy_ip = [
        {"http":"59.57.149.70:9999"},
        {"http":"222.190.222.238:9999"},
        {"http":"183.166.132.224:9999"},
        {"http":"114.239.145.56:808"},
        {"http":"183.166.86.243:9999"},
        {"http":"60.167.22.217:9999"},
        {"http":"117.95.55.151:9999"},
    ]
    #设定随机选择一个代理
    proxy = random.choice(proxy_ip)
    #创建相关的Handler处理器
    new_Proxyhandler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy)
    #创建自定义opener对象
    new_opener = urllib.request.build_opener(new_Proxyhandler)
    #设定访问地址
    url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/aaron456-rgv/p/12051754.html"
    #设定UA请求字典
    user_agent = [
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
        "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
        "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
        "MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
        "Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)",
        "UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
        "NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
        "Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
        # iPhone 6:
        "Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25",
    
    ]
    #随机生成请求头
    new_headers = {"User-Agent": random.choice(user_agent)}
    #生成请求对象
    new_request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=new_headers)
    #发出请求
    new_result = new_opener.open(new_request)
    #打印文件
    print(new_result.read().decode())

      测试结果:

      0X0X;补充说明

      A;Handler处理器可以理解是用来发送和接收数据的模块。

        1、HTTPHandler() :没有任何特殊功能
        2、ProxyHandler(普通代理)
        代理: {"协议":"IP地址:端口号"}
        3、ProxyBasicAuthHandler(密码管理器对象) :私密代理
        4、HTTPBasicAuthHandler(密码管理器对象) : web客户端认证

      B;常见代理:西刺免费代理IP(http://www.xicidaili.com/)   

        免费短期代理网站分高匿和透明

        【高匿】:代表服务器追踪不到你原来的IP;

        【透明】:代表服务器可以追踪到你的代理IP和原来的IP;

        类型表示支持的类型:HTTP或者HTTPS

        【存活的时间】:表示在这个期间可用

  • 相关阅读:
    android 网络加载图片,对图片资源进行优化,并且实现内存双缓存 + 磁盘缓存
    Web前端框架与类库的思考
    android应用开发(十):widget的使用
    响应式WEB设计的9项基本原则
    谈一下关于CQRS架构如何实现高性能
    迪杰斯特拉算法——PAT 1003
    Android开发-SQLite数据库
    寻找水王(2)
    PAT-1003
    PAT-1002
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aaron456-rgv/p/12082658.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知