1、下载mysql5.7.16安装包
#wget http://dev.MySQL.com/get/Downloads/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.16-Linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
2.创建用户、创建安装文件夹
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql/
#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
3.解压，拷贝
#tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/
#mv * /usr/local/mysql/
--已安装，可省略
# yum install libaio
4、创建日志目录
# mkdir /var/log/mariadb/
# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/
# mkdir /var/run/mariadb
# chown mysql:mysql /var/run/mariadb
如果不创建分别会出现如下错误：
2016-12-07T02:56:33.741622Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
touch: 无法创建"/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log": 没有那个文件或目录
chmod: 无法访问"/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log": 没有那个文件或目录
[ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
5、修改 my.cnf 配置文件
将 my.cnf 文件的 [mysqld] 下的socket，修改为 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
否则，连接的时候会出现以下问题：
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
6、初始化数据库
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
出现以下语句表示成功，并显示root临时密码。
2016-12-07T02:56:02.996240Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-12-07T02:56:04.248210Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-12-07T02:56:04.448723Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-12-07T02:56:04.528814Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b192ea07-bc28-11e6-bde9-005056893892.
2016-12-07T02:56:04.533654Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-12-07T02:56:04.535322Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated forroot@localhost: e_q:o+ief66M
9、设置系统自动启动
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
10、添加环境变量
# vi /etc/profile
在最后添加
export MYSQL_HOME="/usr/local/mysql"
export PATH="$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin"
刷新环境变量
# source /etc/profile
至此可以使用 service mysqld start | stop 来启停mysql 服务了。
7、启动数据库
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
如果出现：ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '***' (2)错误，原因1. mysqld 没有启动，service mysqld start
查看日志是否成功：
# cat /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
2016-12-07T02:58:19.324018Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.7.16' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
8、修改root用户密码
# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
mysql>
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';
mysql> flush privileges;
11、修改mysql，修改字符集编码为utf8，设置大小写不敏感
# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
lower_case_table_names=1 --此处为修改字符集
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' --此处为英文单引号，博客显示问题。
12、重启数据库
# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!