• day17 dbutils 和 jdbc 多表操作


    Author:相忠良
    Email: ugoood@163.com
    起始于:June 12, 2018
    最后更新日期:June 15, 2018

    声明:本笔记依据传智播客方立勋老师 Java Web 的授课视频内容记录而成,中间加入了自己的理解。本笔记目的是强化自己学习所用。若有疏漏或不当之处,请在评论区指出。谢谢。
    涉及的图片,文档写完后,一次性更新。

    1. dbutils 框架简化 jdbc 开发

    commons-dbutils 是 Apache 组织提供的一个开源 JDBC工具类库,它是对JDBC的简单封装,学习成本极低,并且使用dbutils能极大简化jdbc编码的工作量,同时也不会影响程序的性能。因此dbutils成为很多不喜欢hibernate的公司的首选。

    API介绍:

    • org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner提供了 update(增删改) 和 query(查询)
    • org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler

    工具类

    • org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils

    本节工程准备:

    1. 建立 day17 java 工程;
    2. 建立 lib,导入 jar 包并变奶瓶:mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar commons-pool.jar commons-dbutils-1.2.jar
    3. src下建立dbcpconfig.properties(该配置文件内容下面有)供创建连接池的工具 dbcp 所使用。
    4. 创建cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils用来创建连接池。

    dbcpconfig.properties如下:

    driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17
    username=root
    password=root
    
    initialSize=10
    maxActive=50
    maxIdle=20
    minIdle=5
    maxWait=60000
    connectionProperties=useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=utf8
    defaultAutoCommit=true
    defaultReadOnly=
    defaultTransactionIsolation=READ_COMMITTED
    

    cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils创建连接池的工具类如下:

    package cn.wk.utils;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.Properties;
    import javax.sql.DataSource;
    import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory;
    
    public class JdbcUtils {
    	// 创建连接池
    	private static DataSource ds;
    	static {
    		try {
    			Properties prop = new Properties();
    			InputStream in = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader()
    					.getResourceAsStream("dbcpconfig.properties");
    			prop.load(in);
    
    			BasicDataSourceFactory factory = new BasicDataSourceFactory();
    			ds = factory.createDataSource(prop);
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
    		}
    	}
    
    	public static DataSource getDataSource(){return ds;}
    	// dbutils 框架会自动帮我们释放链接,所以不用写 release 方法
    }
    

    day17工程到此已完全准备妥当,开始下面的实验啦。
    为模拟将数据库取出的user数据封装到bean中,所以先建一个cn.wk.domain.User,如下:

    package cn.wk.domain;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    public class User {
    	private int id;
    	private String name;
    	private String password;
    	private String email;
    	private Date birthday;
      // 后面的getter和setter方法省略
    }
    

    用 dbutils 完成 crud 的例子:

    package cn.wk.dbutils.demo;
    
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import cn.wk.domain.User;
    import cn.wk.utils.JdbcUtils;
    
    public class Demo1 {
    
    	/*
    	  create database day17;
    	  use day17;
    	  create table users(
    	  	id int primary key,
    	  	name varchar(40),
    	  	password varchar(40),
    	  	email varchar(60),
    	  	birthday date
    	  );
    	 */
    
    	// 使用 dbtuils 完成数据库的 crud
    
    	@Test
    	public void insert() throws SQLException {
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    		String sql = "insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
    		Object params[] = { 2, "bbb", "123", "aa@gmail.com", new Date() };
    		runner.update(sql, params);
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void update() throws SQLException {
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    		String sql = "update users set email=? where id=?";
    		Object params[] = { "aaaaaa@163.com", 1 };
    		runner.update(sql, params);
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void delete() throws SQLException {
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    		String sql = "delete from users where id=?";
    		runner.update(sql, 1);
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void find() throws SQLException {
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    		String sql = "select * from users where id=?";
    		User user = (User) runner.query(sql, 1, new BeanHandler(User.class));
    		System.out.println(user.getEmail());
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void getAll() throws SQLException {
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    		String sql = "select * from users";
    		List list = (List) runner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler(User.class));
    		System.out.println(list);
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	// 用 dbutils 作批处理
    	public void batch() throws SQLException {
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    		String sql = "insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
    		Object params[][] = new Object[3][5];
    		for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) { // 3条记录
    			params[i] = new Object[] { i + 1, "aa" + i, "123", i + "@sina.com",
    					new Date() };
    		}
    		runner.batch(sql, params);
    	}
    }
    

    1.1 ResultSetHandler 接口的实现类

    ResultSetHandler 接口的实现类:

    • ArrayHandler:把结果集中的第一行数据转成对象数组;
    • ArrayListHandler:把结果集中的每一行数据都转成一个数组,再存放到List中;
    • BeanHandler:将结果集中的第一行数据封装到一个对应的JavaBean实例中;
    • BeanListHandler:将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个对应的JavaBean实例中,存放到List里;
    • ColumnListHandler:将结果集中某一列的数据存放到List中;
    • KeyedHandler(name):将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个Map里,再把这些map再存到一个map里,其key为指定的key;
    • MapHandler:将结果集中的第一行数据封装到一个Map里,key是列名,value就是对应的值;
    • MapListHandler:将结果集中的每一行数据都封装到一个Map里,然后再存放到List;
    • ScalarHandler:将结果集的某列转成一个对象(标量)。

    2. 用 dbutils 进行事务管理

    准备:
    把一下sql语句在day17数据库中执行。

    create table account(
    	id int primary key auto_increment,
    	name varchar(40),
    	money float
    )character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
    
    insert into account(name,money) values('aaa',1000);
    insert into account(name,money) values('bbb',1000);
    insert into account(name,money) values('ccc',1000);
    

    使用 dbutils 管理事务的完整案例代码:

    JdbcUtils 增加了 getConnection() 方法,如下:

    public class JdbcUtils {
    	// 创建连接池
    	private static DataSource ds;
    	static {
    		try {
    			Properties prop = new Properties();
    			InputStream in = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader()
    					.getResourceAsStream("dbcpconfig.properties");
    			prop.load(in);
    
    			BasicDataSourceFactory factory = new BasicDataSourceFactory();
    			ds = factory.createDataSource(prop);
    		} catch (Exception e) {throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);}
    	}
    
    	public static DataSource getDataSource() {
    		return ds;
    	}
    
    	// dbutils 框架会自动帮我们释放链接,所以不用写 release 方法
    
    	public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    		return ds.getConnection();
    	}
    }
    

    dbutils 管理事务例子:

    public class AccountDao {
    	// 从 a-->b账户 转100元
    	public void transfer() throws SQLException {
    
    		Connection conn = null;
    		try {
    			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
    			conn.setAutoCommit(false); // 设置开启事务
    
    			QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner();
    
    			String sql1 = "update account set money=money-100 where name='aaa'";
    			runner.update(conn, sql1); // 用开启了事务的 conn 去执行 sql
    
    			String sql2 = "update account set money=money+100 where name='bbb'";
    			runner.update(conn, sql2);
    
    			conn.commit();
    		} finally {if (conn != null) conn.close();}
    	}
    }
    

    但 dao 层不应有上述这样的 transfer 方法(包含了业务逻辑,违背了mvc),dao 应只有增删改查。下节介绍正常开发中怎样做转账。

    2.1 正常开发中的转账实现

    先弄个 Account 的 bean:

    package cn.wk.domain;
    public class Account {
    	private int id;
    	private String name;
    	private double money;
    // getter,setter省略
    }
    

    AccountDao 加上下面2方法:

    public class AccountDao {
    	public AccountDao() {super();}
    
    	private Connection conn;
    
    	public AccountDao(Connection conn) { // 由外界提供统一的一个 conn
    		this.conn = conn;
    	}
    
    	public void update(Account a) {
    		try {
    			QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner();
    			String sql = "update account set money=? where id=?";
    			Object params[] = { a.getMoney(), a.getId() };
    			runner.update(conn, sql, params);
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			throw new RuntimeException(e);
    		}
    	}
    
    	public Account find(int id) {
    		try {
    			QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner();
    			String sql = "select * from account where id=?";
    			return (Account) runner.query(conn, sql, id, new BeanHandler(
    					Account.class));
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			throw new RuntimeException(e);
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    cn.wk.service.BusinessService对 web 层提供转账服务:

    public class BusinessService {
    
    	@Test
    	public void test() throws SQLException {
    		transfer(1, 2, 100);
    	}
    
    	public void transfer(int sourceid, int targetid, double money)
    			throws SQLException {
    
    		Connection conn = null;
    		try {
    			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
    			conn.setAutoCommit(false); 		// 开启事务
    
    			AccountDao dao = new AccountDao(conn); // <-- 把 conn 传进去啦
    
    			Account a = dao.find(sourceid); // select
    			Account b = dao.find(targetid); // select
    
    			a.setMoney(a.getMoney() - money);
    			b.setMoney(b.getMoney() + money);
    
    			dao.update(a); 					// update
    //			int aa = 1/0;
    			dao.update(b); 					// update 得作为整体执行
    
    			conn.commit(); 					// 提交事务
    		} finally {if (conn != null) conn.close();}
    	}
    }
    

    service 层只有这样写,才保证转账操作用的是同一个 connection 并用事务去完成!
    同时注意到 dao 层已经被改造,dao 层通过有参构造函数,传入了一个 service 层提供的一个已经开启了事务的 connection!

    2.2 ThreadLocal - 线程范围内共享数据

    方立勋老师叨叨了半天,竟说上面的方法不优雅~!!!
    他说优雅的解决方式是用spring或 ThreadLocal 类去解决。

    ThreadLocal 的使用可以使我们在线程范围内共享数据。

    ThreadLocal 就是一个 key = thread 的 map 容器。

    接下来,才是这伙计讲的重点,我的天啊~! (略...)

    3. jdbc 多表操作(1:n)

    准备2个bean,如下:

    package cn.wk.domain;
    public class Department {
    	private String id;
    	private String name;
    	private Set employees = new HashSet(); //看是否有显示需求,若无则删除这个
    // getter setter...
    }
    
    package cn.wk.domain;
    public class Employee {
    	private String id;
    	private String name;
    	private double salary;
    	private String department_id;
      // getter setter...
    }
    

    数据库创建2表:

    use day17;
    create table department(
      id varchar(40) primary key,
      name varchar(40)
    );
    
    create table employee(
      id varchar(40) primary key,
      name varchar(40),
      salary double,
      department_id varchar(40),
      constraint department_id_FK foreign key(department_id) references department(id)
    );
    

    多表查询的一个dao:

    public class DepartmentDao {
    
    	public void add(Department d) throws SQLException {
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    
    		// 1. 把 department 对象插入 department 表
    		String sql = "insert into department(id,name) values(?,?)";
    		Object params[] = { d.getId(), d.getName() };
    		runner.update(sql, params);
    
    		// 2. 把department 对象中的员工们插入到 employee 表
    		Set<Employee> set = d.getEmployees();
    		for (Employee e : set) {
    			sql = "insert into employee(id,name,salary,department_id) values(?,?,?,?)";
    			params = new Object[] { e.getId(), e.getName(), e.getSalary(),
    					d.getId() };
    			runner.update(sql, params);
    		}
    	}
    
    	public Department find(String id) throws SQLException{		
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    
    		//1.找部门表,查出部门的基本信息
    		String sql = "select * from department where id=?";
    		Department d = (Department) runner.query(sql, id, new BeanHandler(Department.class));
    
    		//2.找员工表,找出部门下面所有员工
    		sql = "select * from employee where department_id=?";
    		List list = (List) runner.query(sql, id, new BeanListHandler(Employee.class));		
    
    		d.getEmployees().addAll(list);		
    		return d;
    	}
    }
    

    多表查询的测试:

    public class BService {
    	@Test
    	public void add() throws SQLException{		
    
    		Department d = new Department();
    		d.setId("1");
    		d.setName("开发部");
    
    		Employee e1 = new Employee();
    		e1.setId("1");
    		e1.setName("aa");
    		e1.setSalary(10000);
    
    		Employee e2 = new Employee();
    		e2.setId("2");
    		e2.setName("bb");
    		e2.setSalary(10000);
    
    
    		d.getEmployees().add(e1);
    		d.getEmployees().add(e2);
    
    		DepartmentDao dao = new DepartmentDao();
    		dao.add(d);
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void find() throws SQLException{
    		DepartmentDao dao  = new DepartmentDao();
    		Department d = dao.find("1");
    		System.out.println(d);
    	}
    }
    

    方立勋说:1对多能不用就不用。因为若1中记多,太多了内存崩。
    需求让你1必须记住多,那就得设计,否则不必设计。
    例如:订单必须显示订单项,但部门不显示员工。

    3.1 jdbc 多表操作 - 级联

    级联删除有好几种呢。

    • 删部门表记录,对应员工部门号清空 on delete set null;
    • 删部门表记录,也删除对应员工 on delete cascade;
    • 还有,用时再查。
    create table employee(
      id varchar(40) primary key,
      name varchar(40),
      salary double,
      department_id varchar(40),
      constraint department_id_FK foreign key(department_id) references department(id)  
    );
    
    // 修改员工表的外键约束
    
    alter table employee drop foreign key department_id_FK;
    alter table employee add constraint department_id_FK foreign key(department_id) references department(id) on delete set null;
    

    dao的删除方法

    public void delete(String id) throws SQLException{
      QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
      String sql = "delete from department where id=?";
      runner.update(sql, id);
    }
    

    级联删除测试:

    @Test
    public void delete() throws SQLException{
      DepartmentDao dao  = new DepartmentDao();
      dao.delete("1");
    }
    

    4. jdbc 多表操作(n:m)

    准备老师和学生bean和表,他们是 n:m 的关系。

    public class Student {
    	private String id;
    	private String name;
    	private Set teachers = new HashSet();
      // getter setter...
    }
    
    public class Teacher {
    	private String id;
    	private String name;
    	private double salary;
    	private Set students = new HashSet();
      // getter setter...
    }
    

    数据库生3表:

    use day17;
    create table teacher(
      id varchar(40) primary key,
      name varchar(40),
      salary double
    );
    
    create table student(
      id varchar(40) primary key,
      name varchar(40)
    );
    
    create table teacher_student(
      teacher_id varchar(40),
      student_id varchar(40),
      primary key(teacher_id,student_id),
      constraint teacher_id_FK foreign key(teacher_id) references teacher(id),
      constraint student_id_FK foreign key(student_id) references student(id)
    );
    

    操作多表dao:

    public class TeacherDao {
    
    public void add(Teacher t) throws SQLException {
    
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    
    		//1`.取出老师存老师表
    		String sql = "insert into teacher(id,name,salary) values(?,?,?)";
    		Object params[] = {t.getId(),t.getName(),t.getSalary()};
    		runner.update(sql, params);
    
    
    		//2.取出老师所有学生的数据,存学生表
    		Set<Student> set = t.getStudents();
    		for(Student s : set){
    			sql = "insert into student(id,name) values(?,?)";
    			params = new Object[]{s.getId(),s.getName()};
    			runner.update(sql, params);
    
    			//3.更新中间表,说明老师和学生的关系
    			sql = "insert into teacher_student(teacher_id,student_id) values(?,?)";
    			params = new Object[]{t.getId(),s.getId()};
    			runner.update(sql, params);
    		}
    	}
    
    	public Teacher find(String id) throws SQLException{
    
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    
    		//1.找老师表,找出老师的基本信息
    		String sql = "select * from teacher where id=?";
    		Teacher t = (Teacher) runner.query(sql, id, new BeanHandler(Teacher.class));
    
    		//2.找出老师的所有学生
    		sql = "select s.* from teacher_student ts,student s where ts.teacher_id=? and ts.student_id=s.id";
    		List list = (List) runner.query(sql, id, new BeanListHandler(Student.class));
    
    		t.getStudents().addAll(list);
    		return t;
    	}
    
    	public void delete(String id){
    		QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
    		String sql = "delete from teacher where id=?";
    		// 未完成
    	}
    }
    

    测试:

    @Test
    public void addTeacher() throws SQLException {
      Teacher t = new Teacher();
      t.setId("1");
      t.setName("二麻子");
      t.setSalary(100000);
    
      Student s1 = new Student();
      s1.setId("1");
      s1.setName("aa");
    
      Student s2 = new Student();
      s2.setId("2");
      s2.setName("bb");
    
      t.getStudents().add(s1);
      t.getStudents().add(s2);
    
      TeacherDao dao = new TeacherDao();
      dao.add(t);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void findTeacher() throws SQLException{
      TeacherDao dao = new TeacherDao();
      Teacher t = dao.find("1");
      System.out.println(t);
    }
    

    5. web 树

    无限级分类树,通过树状数据结构设计,建了个数据库表,从而避免了递归。
    剩下内容略。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ZhongliangXiang/p/9186709.html
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