Spring MVC与html页面的交互（以传递json数据为例）

一、导入相jar包

主要包括spring相关jar包和fastjson jar包，具体步骤略。

二、配置相关文件

1.配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
    <display-name>SpringProject</display-name>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 配置Spring MVC配置文件的位置和名称 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 表示容器在启动时立即加载dispatcherServlet -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- 让Spring MVC控制器拦截前端所有请求 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.配置Spring MVC配置文件springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.controller" />
    
    <!-- 解决访问html资源404，非常重要  -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
    <bean name="/hello2" class="com.springmvc.controller.HelloController2"></bean>
    
</beans>

三、编写请求控制类

通过注解配置映射请求的URL和返回内容类型等。

package com.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/hello",produces = "application/json; charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String hello() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("key1", "键值1");
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(map));
        return JSON.toJSONString(map);
    }

}

注：如果访问html页面报错404，可参考文章：spring mvc访问html页面404报错解决