类与对象
一、内置函数
1、int方法
(1)def__add__(self, y): #两数相加
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x=8 3 result=x.__add__(9) 4 print(result) 输出:17
(2)def __divmod__ # 取模,应场用景:页面分页 __rdivmod__(反向运算)
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 age=18 3 result=age.__divmod__(2) 4 print(result)输出:(9,0)
(3)def __abs__(绝对值)
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x=-18 3 result=x.__abs__() 4 print(result) 输出:18
(4)__pow__(幂)
def __pow__(self, y, z=None): """ 幂,次方 """""" x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x=2 3 result=x.__pow__(4) 4 print(result) 输出:16
(5)__ge__(与自身比较大小,返回真假)
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x=2 3 result=x.__ge__(5) 4 print(result) 输出:false
(6)def__and__(self, y):(逻辑运算“和”,相当于 &)
""" x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x=2 3 result=x.__and__(8) 4 print(result) 输出:0
(7)def__coerce__(self, y):
""" 强制生成一个元组 """""" x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
(8)def__div__(self, y): """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x =12 3 result=x.__div__(2) 4 print(result) 输出:6
(9)def__float__(self):
""" 转换为浮点类型 """""" x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x =12 3 result=x.__float__() 4 print(result) 5 print(type(result)) 输出:12.0 class 'float'
(10)def__floordiv__(self, y): (地板除)
""" x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x =12 3 result=x.__floordiv__(2) 4 print(result) 输出:6
(11)def__hex__(self):
""" 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """""" x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
(12)def__index__(self):
""" 用于切片,数字无意义 """""" x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
(13)def__int__(self):
""" 转换为整数 """""" x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x =5.3 3 result=x.__int__() 4 print(result) 输出:5
(14)def__long__(self):
""" 转换为长整数 """""" x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
(15)def__mod__(self, y): #求余数
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x =9 3 result=x.__mod__(2) 4 print(result) 输出:1
(16)def__mul__(self, y): #乘法运算
""" x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x =9 3 result=x.__mul__(2) 4 print(result) 输出:18
(17)def__neg__(self): #取反
""" x.__neg__() <==> -x """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x =9 3 result=x.__neg__() 4 print(result)
(18)def__nonzero__(self): #不为0
""" x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
2、长整型long与浮点型flot长整型、浮点型各种方法基本与整型int保持一致,不在一一列举赘述
3、字符串str方法
(1)print(type(name)) #type获取属于哪个类
print(dir(name)) #dir获取类的方法
(2)def __contains__(self, y):
""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 name='alvin' 3 result=name.__contains__('oo')#contains是否包含给出字符 4 print(result)
(3)name.capitalize() #首字母大写
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x ='alvin' 3 result=x.capitalize() 4 print(result) 输出:Alvin
(4)name.endswith('n',0,3) # 判断是否以n结尾的,True and False
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 name = str('alvin') 3 result=name.endswith('n') 4 print(result) 输出:True
(5)name.center(20,‘*’) # 字符串居中,以*分割
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 x ='alvin' 3 result=x.center(20,'*') 4 print(result)
(6)name.endcode() #转变字符串的编码
(7)count() #统计子序列出现的次数
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 name='alvin' 3 result=name.count('n',0,4)#从0开始至第四个字符‘n’出现的个数 4 print(result)
(9)find('al') #查找是否包含子序列'al' index:找不到会报错
(10)format() #字符串的拼接
例:
例:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 name ='alvin is {0} as {1}' 3 result = name.format('smart','hello')#result=name.format(0='smart',1='hello') 4 print(result)