Swift3.0：Get/Post同步和异步请求

一、介绍

Get和Post区别：

• Get是从服务器上获取数据，Post是向服务器发送数据。

• 对于Get方式，服务端用Request.QueryString获取变量的值，对于Post方式，服务端用Request.From获取提交的数据。

• Get是把参数数据队列加到提交表单的ACTION属性所指的URL中，值和表单内的各个字段一一对应。

• Post是通过HTTP Post机制，将表单内各个字段和其内容放置在HTML HEADER内一起传送到ACTION属性所指的URL地址。用户看不到这个过程。

• Get安全性非常低，Post安全性较高；但是Get方式的执行效率比Post方法好。

• Get方式的安全性较Post方式差些，若包含机密信息，则建议用Post数据提交方式。

• 在数据查询时，建议用Get方式；在做数据添加、删除、修改时，建议用Post方式。

缓存策略：

 public enum CachePolicy : UInt {
 
     case useProtocolCachePolicy //基础策略

     case reloadIgnoringLocalCacheData //忽略本地存储
     
     case reloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData // 忽略本地和远程存储，总是从原地址下载

     case returnCacheDataElseLoad //首先使用缓存，如果没有就从原地址下载
     
     case returnCacheDataDontLoad //使用本地缓存，从不下载，如果没有本地缓存，则请求失败，此策略多用于离线操作
     
     case reloadRevalidatingCacheData // 若本地缓存是有效的则不下载，其他任何情况总是从原地址下载
 }

二、示例

Get同步请求：

//MARK: - 同步Get方式
 func synchronousGet(){
     
     // 1、创建URL对象；
     let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews?type=beauty");
        
     // 2、创建Request对象
     // url: 请求路径
     // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
     // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
     let urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
     // 3、响应对象
     var response:URLResponse?
        
     // 4、发出请求
     do {
            
         let received =  try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(urlRequest, returning: &response)
         let dic = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: received, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.allowFragments)
         print(dic)
            
         //let jsonStr = String(data: received, encoding:String.Encoding.utf8);
         //print(jsonStr)
            
        } catch let error{
            print(error.localizedDescription);
        }
    }

Get异步请求：

//在控制器定义全局的可变data，用户存储接收的数据
var jsonData:NSMutableData = NSMutableData()

//MARK: - 异步Get方式
func asynchronousGet(){
        
   // 1、创建URL对象；
   let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews?type=beauty");
        
   // 2、创建Request对象
   // url: 请求路径
   // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
   // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
   let urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
   // 3、连接服务器
   let connection:NSURLConnection? = NSURLConnection(request: urlRequest, delegate: self)
   connection?.schedule(in: .current, forMode: .defaultRunLoopMode)
   connection?.start()
}

// MARK - NSURLConnectionDataDelegate
extension GetPostViewController:NSURLConnectionDataDelegate{
    
    func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive response: URLResponse) {
        
        //接收响应
    }
    
    func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive data: Data) {
        
        //收到数据
        self.jsonData.append(data);
    }
    
    func connectionDidFinishLoading(_ connection: NSURLConnection) {
        //请求结束
        //let jsonStr = String(data: self.jsonData as Data, encoding:String.Encoding.utf8);
        //print(jsonStr)
        do {
            let dic = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: self.jsonData as Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.allowFragments)
            print(dic)
        } catch let error{
            print(error.localizedDescription);
        }
    }
}

Post同步请求：

//MARK: - 同步Post方式
func synchronousPost() {
     
    // 1、创建URL对象；
    let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews");
        
    // 2、创建Request对象
    // url: 请求路径
    // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
    // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
    var urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
     // 3、设置请求方式为POST，默认是GET
     urlRequest.httpMethod = "POST"
        
     // 4、设置参数
     let str:String = "type=beauty"
     let data:Data = str.data(using: .utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)!
     urlRequest.httpBody = data;
        
     // 5、响应对象
     var response:URLResponse?
        
     // 6、发出请求
     do {
            
         let received =  try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(urlRequest, returning: &response)
          let dic = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: received, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.allowFragments)
          print(dic)
            
           //let jsonStr = String(data: received, encoding:String.Encoding.utf8);
           //print(jsonStr)
            
        } catch let error{
            print(error.localizedDescription);
        }
  }

Post异步请求：

//在控制器定义全局的可变data，用户存储接收的数据
var jsonData:NSMutableData = NSMutableData()

//MARK: - 异步Post方式
func asynchronousPost(){
        
   // 1、创建URL对象；
   let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews");
        
   // 2、创建Request对象
   // url: 请求路径
   // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
   // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
   var urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
    // 3、设置请求方式为POST，默认是GET
    urlRequest.httpMethod = "POST"
        
    // 4、设置参数
    let str:String = "type=beauty"
    let data:Data = str.data(using: .utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)!
    urlRequest.httpBody = data;
        
    // 5、连接服务器
    let connection:NSURLConnection? = NSURLConnection(request: urlRequest, delegate: self)
     connection?.schedule(in: .current, forMode: .defaultRunLoopMode)
     connection?.start()
}

// MARK - NSURLConnectionDataDelegate
extension GetPostViewController:NSURLConnectionDataDelegate{
    
    func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive response: URLResponse) {
        
        //接收响应
    }
    
    func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive data: Data) {
        
        //收到数据
        self.jsonData.append(data);
    }
    
    func connectionDidFinishLoading(_ connection: NSURLConnection) {
        //请求结束
        //let jsonStr = String(data: self.jsonData as Data, encoding:String.Encoding.utf8);
        //print(jsonStr)
        do {
            let dic = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: self.jsonData as Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.allowFragments)
            print(dic)
        } catch let error{
            print(error.localizedDescription);
        }
    }
}

三、解析结果

{
    body =     (
                {
            cThumbnail = "http://d.ifengimg.com/w166_h120/p2.ifengimg.com/ifengiclient/ipic/2017040117/swoole_location_8b6bbc5951ce5734d8f4a623f594f4ee_4245440126_size203_w1000_h1500.jpg";
            cid = 1;
            comments = 0;
            commentsUrl = "http://share.iclient.ifeng.com/news/sharenews.f?&fromType=spider&aid=301341";
            commentsall = 0;
            content = "";
            ctime = "2017-04-01 17:30:01";
            id = "shortNews_301341";
            img =             (
                                {
                    size =                     {
                        height = 720;
                        width = 480;
                    };
                    url = "http://d.ifengimg.com/mw480/p2.ifengimg.com/ifengiclient/ipic/2017040117/swoole_location_8b6bbc5951ce5734d8f4a623f594f4ee_4245440126_size203_w1000_h1500.jpg";
                }
            );
            likes = 86;
            link =             {
                type = shortNews;
                url = "http://api.iclient.ifeng.com/clientShortNewsDetail?id=301341";
            };
            praise = 9284;
            shareTitle = "U51e4U51f0U65b0U95fbU7f8eU5973U56feU7247";
            shareUrl = "http://share.iclient.ifeng.com/news/sharenews.f?&fromType=spider&aid=301341";
            source = "";
            staticImg = "";
            status = 1;
            thumbnail = "http://d.ifengimg.com/w166/p2.ifengimg.com/ifengiclient/ipic/2017040117/swoole_location_8b6bbc5951ce5734d8f4a623f594f4ee_4245440126_size203_w1000_h1500.jpg";
            title = "U51e4U51f0U65b0U95fbU7f8eU5973U56feU7247";
            tread = 738;
            type = shortNews;
            utime = "2017-04-01 17:30:01";
        },
                {
        ..............
        ..............
        ..............
}

四、完整代码

//
//  GetPostViewController.swift
//  NetWorkTest
//
//  Created by 夏远全 on 2017/4/3.
//  Copyright © 2017年 夏远全. All rights reserved.
//

import UIKit

class GetPostViewController: UIViewController {

    //在控制器定义全局的可变data，用户存储接收的数据
    var jsonData:NSMutableData = NSMutableData()
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }
    
//========================================Get==========================================//
    
    //MARK: - 同步Get方式
    func synchronousGet(){
     
        // 1、创建URL对象；
        let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews?type=beauty");
        
        // 2、创建Request对象
        // url: 请求路径
        // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
        // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
        let urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
        // 3、响应对象
        var response:URLResponse?
        
        // 4、发出请求
        do {
            
            let received =  try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(urlRequest, returning: &response)
            let dic = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: received, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.allowFragments)
            print(dic)
            
            //let jsonStr = String(data: received, encoding:String.Encoding.utf8);
            //print(jsonStr)
            
        } catch let error{
            print(error.localizedDescription);
        }
    }
    
    //MARK: - 异步Get方式
    func asynchronousGet(){
        
        // 1、创建URL对象；
        let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews?type=beauty");
        
        // 2、创建Request对象
        // url: 请求路径
        // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
        // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
        let urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
        // 3、连接服务器
        let connection:NSURLConnection? = NSURLConnection(request: urlRequest, delegate: self)
        connection?.schedule(in: .current, forMode: .defaultRunLoopMode)
        connection?.start()
    }
    
    
//========================================Post==========================================//
    
    //MARK: - 同步Post方式
    func synchronousPost() {
     
        // 1、创建URL对象；
        let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews");
        
        // 2、创建Request对象
        // url: 请求路径
        // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
        // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
        var urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
        // 3、设置请求方式为POST，默认是GET
        urlRequest.httpMethod = "POST"
        
        // 4、设置参数
        let str:String = "type=beauty"
        let data:Data = str.data(using: .utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)!
        urlRequest.httpBody = data;
        
        // 5、响应对象
        var response:URLResponse?
        
        // 6、发出请求
        do {
            
            let received =  try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(urlRequest, returning: &response)
            let dic = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: received, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.allowFragments)
            print(dic)
            
            //let jsonStr = String(data: received, encoding:String.Encoding.utf8);
            //print(jsonStr)
            
        } catch let error{
            print(error.localizedDescription);
        }
    }
    
    //MARK: - 异步Post方式
    func asynchronousPost(){
        
        // 1、创建URL对象；
        let url:URL! = URL(string:"http://api.3g.ifeng.com/clientShortNews");
        
        // 2、创建Request对象
        // url: 请求路径
        // cachePolicy: 缓存协议
        // timeoutInterval: 网络请求超时时间(单位：秒)
        var urlRequest:URLRequest = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 10)
        
        // 3、设置请求方式为POST，默认是GET
        urlRequest.httpMethod = "POST"
        
        // 4、设置参数
        let str:String = "type=beauty"
        let data:Data = str.data(using: .utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)!
        urlRequest.httpBody = data;
        
        // 3、连接服务器
        let connection:NSURLConnection? = NSURLConnection(request: urlRequest, delegate: self)
        connection?.schedule(in: .current, forMode: .defaultRunLoopMode)
        connection?.start()
    }
}

// MARK - NSURLConnectionDataDelegate
extension GetPostViewController:NSURLConnectionDataDelegate{
    
    func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive response: URLResponse) {
        
        //接收响应
    }
    
    func connection(_ connection: NSURLConnection, didReceive data: Data) {
        
        //收到数据
        self.jsonData.append(data);
    }
    
    func connectionDidFinishLoading(_ connection: NSURLConnection) {
        //请求结束
        //let jsonStr = String(data: self.jsonData as Data, encoding:String.Encoding.utf8);
        //print(jsonStr)
        do {
            let dic = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: self.jsonData as Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.allowFragments)
            print(dic)
        } catch let error{
            print(error.localizedDescription);
        }
    }
}