• .Net Self Hosting 的几种方式


    写在前面:

    IIS是Windows平台非常关键的组件,它是微软自带的Web服务器,可以很方便的帮助我们运行起一个网站,WebApi等服务,提供给外部来访问。即使它被很多java或者ruby的同学各种鄙视,被.Net平台的同学们吐槽性能不好,不够灵活,部署受限等等,它依然在默默的帮助我们非常轻松的构建起一个Web应用。在.Net Core中微软提供了更为强大的Web服务器 Kestrel ,它 是一个跨平台ASP.NET Core 的 web 服务器基于libuv,跨平台的异步 I/O 库。它可以单独使用来host一个web服务,也可以与反向代理服务器(如 IIS、Nginx 或 Apache)结合使用。 反向代理服务器接收到来自 Internet 的 HTTP 请求,并在进行一些初步处理后将这些请求转发到 Kestrel。

    那么今天我们来聊一聊另外的两种可以self host的解决方案:

     第一种方式:Owin

    Owin 是 Open Web Interface for .NET 的简称,从字面意思解释可以看出OWIN是针对.NET平台的开放Web接口。那Web接口是谁和谁之间的接口呢?是Web应用程序与Web服务器之间的 接口,OWIN就是.NET Web应用程序与Web服务器之间的接口。为什么需要这样一个接口呢?因为.NET Web应用程序是运行于Web服务器之中的,.NET Web应用程序需要通过Web服务器接收用户的请求,并且通过Web服务器将响应内容发送用户。如果没有这样一个接口,.NET Web应用程序就要依赖于所运行的具体Web服务器,比如ASP.NET应用程序要依赖于IIS。有了这个接口,ASP.NET应用程序只需依赖这个抽象接口,不用关心所运行的Web服务器。所以我们可以得出下面的结论:

    OWIN的作用就是通过引入一组抽象接口,解耦了.NET Web应用程序与Web服务器,再次体现了接口的重要性。

    而我们知道在软件开发中,每次解耦都是一次很大的进步。

    更近一层我们可以理解为:OWIN是对ASP.NET Runtime的抽象。它将应用与服务器解耦, 使得便携式 .NET Web 应用以及跨平台的愿望成为现实, 标准的 OWIN 应用可以在任何OWIN 兼容的服务器上运行,不再依赖与 Windows 和 IIS,我们更可以不用装一大堆笨重的IDE(如 visual studio)来开发web应用程序,也不再那么的依赖于IIS去Host我们的程序。 我们可以用下面的一张图来表示它究竟可以做什么:

     具体使用如下:

    新建EventsController 继承自:System.Web.Http.ApiController 

    public class EventsController : ApiController
        {
            [Authorize]
            [Route("events")]
            public IEnumerable<Event> Get()
            {
                return GetAllEventsFromRepo();
            }
    
            [Route("events/{id}")]
            public Event GetById(Guid id)
            {
                return GetAllEventsFromRepo().First(x => x.EventId == id);
            }
    
            [Route("events")]
            public IEnumerable<Event> GetByType(string type)
            {
                return GetAllEventsFromRepo().Where(x => x.EventType.Equals(type, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase));
            }
    
            [Route("events")]
            public HttpResponseMessage Post(Event @event)
            {
                if (@event == null)
                {
                    return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
                }
    
                return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Created);
            }
    
            private IEnumerable<Event> GetAllEventsFromRepo()
            {
                return new List<Event>
                {
                    new Event
                    {
                        EventId = Guid.Parse("45D80D13-D5A2-48D7-8353-CBB4C0EAABF5"),
                        Timestamp = DateTime.Parse("2014-06-30T01:37:41.0660548"),
                        EventType = "SearchView"
                    },
                    new Event
                    {
                        EventId = Guid.Parse("83F9262F-28F1-4703-AB1A-8CFD9E8249C9"),
                        Timestamp = DateTime.Parse("2014-06-30T01:37:52.2618864"),
                        EventType = "DetailsView"
                    },
                    new Event
                    {
                        EventId = Guid.Parse("3E83A96B-2A0C-49B1-9959-26DF23F83AEB"),
                        Timestamp = DateTime.Parse("2014-06-30T01:38:00.8518952"),
                        EventType = "SearchView"
                    }
                };
            }
        }

    然后新建一个Startup.cs的class,我们可以看到这里体现了Middleware(中间件)的思想,即插即用,熟悉.Net Core的同学的对它并不陌生。 

    public class Startup
        {
            public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
            {
                var config = new HttpConfiguration();
                config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();
    
                app.UseWebApi(config);
    
                var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
                builder.RegisterApiControllers(typeof(EventsController).Assembly);
                var container = builder.Build();
    
                app.UseAutofacMiddleware(container);
                app.UseAutofacWebApi(config);
            }
        }

    上面代码中的ContainerBuilder 是Autofac提供的功能,它可以让我们动态的注册Controller到容器中,还有一个非常重要的东西就是 HttpConfiguration,它用来表示 HttpServer 实例的配置。

    然后我们只需要下面一句代码就可以让我们API 工作起来了:

    WebApp.Start<TestStartup>("http://localhost:51502")

    这样通过 http://localhost:51502 地址就可以访问我们的服务了,非常的简单。

     第二种方式:通过进程直接调用iisexpress.exe

    iisexpress.exe我们很熟悉,它是windows平台自带的IIS 的运行文件,默认路径在: C:Program FilesIIS Express 目录下,我们可以在代码中创建进程运行起这个exe就可以了。具体代码如下:

    public class IISExpress : IDisposable
        {
            /// <summary>
            ///     Stores whether this instance has been disposed.
            /// </summary>
            private bool _isDisposed;
    
            /// <summary>
            ///     Stores the IIS Express process.
            /// </summary>
            private Process _process;
    
            /// <summary>
            ///     Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
            /// </summary>
            public void Dispose()
            {
                Dispose(true);
                GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// Starts IIS Express using the specified directory path and port.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="directoryPath">
            /// The directory path.
            /// </param>
            /// <param name="port">
            /// The port.
            /// </param>
            /// <param name="address">
            /// The address.
            /// </param>
            public void Start(string directoryPath, int port, Uri address)
            {
                if (_process != null)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("The IISExpress process is already running.");
                }
    
                if (address != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(address);
                        var webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
    
                        if (webResponse.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
                        {
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        Trace.WriteLine(ex);
                    }
                }
    
                var iisExpressPath = DetermineIisExpressPath();
                var arguments = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "/path:"{0}" /port:{1}", directoryPath, port);
    
                var info = new ProcessStartInfo(iisExpressPath)
                {
                    WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
                    ErrorDialog = true,
                    LoadUserProfile = true,
                    CreateNoWindow = false,
                    UseShellExecute = false,
                    Arguments = arguments
                };
    
                var startThread = new Thread(() => StartIisExpress(info))
                {
                    IsBackground = true
                };
    
                startThread.Start();
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// Releases unmanaged and - optionally - managed resources.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="disposing">
            /// <c>true</c> to release both managed and unmanaged resources; <c>false</c> to release only unmanaged resources.
            /// </param>
            protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
            {
                if (_isDisposed)
                {
                    return;
                }
    
                if (disposing)
                {
                    if (_process != null)
                    {
                        // Free managed resources
                        if (_process.HasExited == false)
                        {
                            SendStopMessageToProcess(_process.Id);
                            _process.Close();
                        }
    
                        _process.Dispose();
                    }
                }
    
                // Free native resources if there are any
                _isDisposed = true;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            ///     Determines the IIS express path.
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns>
            ///     A <see cref="String" /> instance.
            /// </returns>
            private static string DetermineIisExpressPath()
            {
                string iisExpressPath;
    
                if (Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem)
                {
                    iisExpressPath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ProgramFilesX86);
                }
                else
                {
                    iisExpressPath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ProgramFiles);
                }
    
                iisExpressPath = Path.Combine(iisExpressPath, @"C:Program FilesIIS Expressiisexpress.exe");
    
                return iisExpressPath;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// The send stop message to process.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="processId">
            /// The process id.
            /// </param>
            private static void SendStopMessageToProcess(int processId)
            {
                try
                {
                    for (var ptr = NativeMethods.GetTopWindow(IntPtr.Zero);
                         ptr != IntPtr.Zero;
                         ptr = NativeMethods.GetWindow(ptr, 2))
                    {
                        uint num;
                        NativeMethods.GetWindowThreadProcessId(ptr, out num);
                        if (processId == num)
                        {
                            var handle = new HandleRef(null, ptr);
                            NativeMethods.PostMessage(handle, 0x12, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (ArgumentException)
                {
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// Starts the IIS express.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="info">
            /// The info.
            /// </param>
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1031:DoNotCatchGeneralExceptionTypes",
                Justification = "Required here to ensure that the instance is disposed.")]
            private void StartIisExpress(ProcessStartInfo info)
            {
                try
                {
                    _process = Process.Start(info);
    
                    _process.WaitForExit();
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    Dispose();
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            ///     The native methods.
            /// </summary>
            private static class NativeMethods
            {
                /// <summary>
                /// The get top window.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="hWnd">
                /// The h wnd.
                /// </param>
                /// <returns>
                /// The <see cref="IntPtr"/>.
                /// </returns>
                [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
                internal static extern IntPtr GetTopWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
    
                /// <summary>
                /// The get window.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="hWnd">
                /// The h wnd.
                /// </param>
                /// <param name="uCmd">
                /// The u cmd.
                /// </param>
                /// <returns>
                /// The <see cref="IntPtr"/>.
                /// </returns>
                [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
                internal static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uCmd);
    
                /// <summary>
                /// The get window thread process id.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="hwnd">
                /// The hwnd.
                /// </param>
                /// <param name="lpdwProcessId">
                /// The lpdw process id.
                /// </param>
                /// <returns>
                /// The <see cref="uint"/>.
                /// </returns>
                [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
                internal static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);
    
                /// <summary>
                /// The post message.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="hWnd">
                /// The h wnd.
                /// </param>
                /// <param name="Msg">
                /// The msg.
                /// </param>
                /// <param name="wParam">
                /// The w param.
                /// </param>
                /// <param name="lParam">
                /// The l param.
                /// </param>
                /// <returns>
                /// The <see cref="bool"/>.
                /// </returns>
                [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
                [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
                internal static extern bool PostMessage(HandleRef hWnd, uint Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
            }
        

    代码比较简单,大家都能看得懂,我们只需要指定需要host的文件目录,访问端口,以及公开Uri地址就可以了,这样就能调用起IIS的服务,帮助我们host服务。

    写在最后:

    可能不仅限于这两种方式,我只是把我最近使用到的两种方式分享给出来,如果大家有更好的方式,欢迎交流分享。 

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Wolfmanlq/p/7995193.html
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