第八单元 Mariadb数据库
一、Mariadb安装
1.安装mariadb和mariadb-client组件:
# yum groupinstall -y mariadb mariadb-client
2.启动mariadb服务:
# systemctl start mariadb ; systemctl enable mariadb
3.校验mariadb的监听端口:
# ss -antlp |grep mysql
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",3345,13))
4.编辑/etc/my.cnf文件,在[mysqld]中加入以下参数:
skip-networking=1
# systemctl restart mariadb
# ss -antlp |grep mysql
此时只允许通过套接字文件进行本地连接,阻断所有来自网络的tcp/ip连接。
5.使用mysql_secure_installation工具进行数据库安全设置,根据提示完成操作:
# mysql_secure_installation
6.登录数据库:
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: redhat
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database
|
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql
|
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
7.示例：
[root@httpdesktop ~]# yum search mariadb
Loaded plugins: langpacks
============================= N/S matched: mariadb =============================
mariadb-bench.x86_64 : MariaDB benchmark scripts and data
mariadb-devel.i686 : Files for development of MariaDB/MySQL applications
mariadb-devel.x86_64 : Files for development of MariaDB/MySQL applications
mariadb-libs.i686 : The shared libraries required for MariaDB/MySQL clients
mariadb-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for MariaDB/MySQL clients
mariadb-server.x86_64 : The MariaDB server and related files
mariadb.x86_64 : A community developed branch of MySQL
mariadb-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with MariaD
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@httpdesktop ~]# yum install mariadb-server.x86_64 -y
[root@httpdesktop ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@httpdesktop ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> USE mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW TABLES;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select Host from user;
+-------------------------+
| Host |
+-------------------------+
| 127.0.0.1 |
| ::1 |
| httpdesktop.example.com |
| httpdesktop.example.com |
| localhost |
| localhost |
+-------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select Host,User,Password from user;
+-------------------------+------+----------+
| Host | User | Password |
+-------------------------+------+----------+
| localhost | root | |
| httpdesktop.example.com | root | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | |
| ::1 | root | |
| localhost | | |
| httpdesktop.example.com | | |
+-------------------------+------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> quit
Bye
[root@httpdesktop ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 171163 4563/mysqld
[root@httpdesktop ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#skip-networking=1
[root@httpdesktop ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
[root@httpdesktop ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql
[root@httpdesktop ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@httpdesktop ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@httpdesktop ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@httpdesktop ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@httpdesktop ~]#
二、数据库基本操作SQL
SHOW DATABASES;
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
USE database_name;
SHOW tables;
CREATE TABLE table_name (name VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1));
DESCRIBE table_name;
INSERT INTO table_name VALUES ('wxh','M');
SELECT * FROM table_name;
UPDATE table_name SET attribute=value WHERE attribute > value;
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE attribute = value;
DROP TABLE table_name;
DROP DATABASE database_name;
eg:[root@httpdesktop ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 13
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE westos;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| westos |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use westos;
Database changed
MariaDB [westos]> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> create table linux (
-> username varchar(50) not null,
-> password varchar(50) not null );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_westos |
+------------------+
| linux |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> insert into linux values ('user1','passwd1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> insert into linux values ('user2','passwd2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | passwd1 |
| user2 | passwd2 |
+----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> quit
Bye
[root@httpdesktop ~]#
[root@httpdesktop ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| westos |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use westos
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [westos]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_westos |
+------------------+
| linux |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | passwd1 |
| user2 | passwd2 |
+----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> delete from linux where username='user1';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user2 | passwd2 |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> delete from linux where username='user2';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.52 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> drop table linux;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| westos |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> drop database westos ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@httpdesktop ~]#
三、用户和访问权限
1.创建用户
CREATE USER wxh@localhost identified by 'westos';
CREATE USER lee@'%' identified by 'redhat';
2.用户授权
GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECT on mariadb.* to wxh@localhost;
GRANT SELECT on mariadb.* lee@'%';
3.重载授权表
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
4.查看用户授权
SHOW GRANTS FOR wxh@localhost;
5.撤销用户权限
REVOKE DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT on mariadb.* from wxh@localhost;
6.删除用户
DROP USER wxh@localhost;
7.示例：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -predhat
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 17
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT INSERT ON westos.* to student@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANT FOR student@localhosy;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'GRANT FOR student@localhosy' at line 1
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR student@localhost;
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for student@localhost |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'student'@'localhost' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON `westos`.* TO 'student'@'localhost' |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> REVOKE INSERT on westos.* FROM student@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR student@localhost;
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for student@localhost |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'student'@'localhost' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `westos`.* TO 'student'@'localhost' |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> REVOKE SELECT on westos.* FROM student@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR student@localhost;
+---------------------------------------------+
| Grants for student@localhost |
+---------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'student'@'localhost' |
+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> DROP USER student@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT USER FROM mysql.user
-> ;
+--------+
| USER |
+--------+
| root |
| root |
| root |
| westos |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> DROP USER westos@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT USER FROM mysql.user;
+------+
| USER |
+------+
| root |
| root |
| root |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE westos
-> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| westos |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> USE westos;
Database changed
MariaDB [westos]> CREATE TABLE linux(
-> username varchar(40) not null,
-> password varchar(40) not null );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linux DROP age;
ERROR 1091 (42000): Can't DROP 'age'; check that column/key exists
MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linux ADD age VARCHAR(5);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [westos]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linux DROP age;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [westos]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linux ADD age VARCHAR(5) AFTER username;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [westos]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> INSERT INTO linux VALUES ('user1','20','123');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.32 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> INSERT INTO linux VALUES ('user2','10','123');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> SELECT * FROM linux;
+----------+------+----------+
| username | age | password |
+----------+------+----------+
| user1 | 20 | 123 |
| user2 | 10 | 123 |
+----------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [westos]> UPDATE linux set age='25' WHERE username='user1';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.29 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [westos]> SELECT * FROM linux;
+----------+------+----------+
| username | age | password |
+----------+------+----------+
| user1 | 25 | 123 |
| user2 | 10 | 123 |
+----------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
四、备份与恢复
1.备份
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat westos > westos.dump
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --all-databases > backup.dump
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --no-data westos > westos.dump
2.恢复
# mysqladmin -uroot -predhat create db2
# mysql -uroot -predhat db2 < westos.dump
3.忘了数据库密码怎么办?
# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
4.示例：
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --all-databases^C
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --all-databases --no-data^C
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat westos^C
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -predhat westos>/mnt/westos.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat westos -e "SHOW DATABASES;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| westos |
+--------------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat westos -e "DROP DATABASE westos;"
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat -e "SHOW DATABASES;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -predhat create westos
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat -e "SHOW DATABASES;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| westos |
+--------------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat -e "SHOW TABLES FROM westos;"
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat westos</mnt/westos.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat -e "SHOW TABLES FROM westos;"
+------------------+
| Tables_in_westos |
+------------------+
| linux |
+------------------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat -e "SELECT * FROM westos.linux;"
+----------+------+----------+
| username | age | password |
+----------+------+----------+
| user1 | 25 | 123 |
| user2 | 10 | 123 |
+----------+------+----------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root -predhat password lee
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -plee
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 20
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 4407
[root@localhost ~]# 170418 22:09:50 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
170418 22:09:50 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Password FROM mysql.user;
+------+-------------------------------------------+
| User | Password |
+------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | *9BB439A3A652A9DAD3718215F77A7AA06108A267 |
| root | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |
| root | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |
+------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> UPDATE mysql.user set Password='redhat' WHERE User='root';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Password FROM mysql.user;
+------+----------+
| User | Password |
+------+----------+
| root | redhat |
| root | redhat |
| root | redhat |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> UPDATE mysql.user set Password=password ('redhat') WHERE User='root';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Password FROM mysql.user;+------+-------------------------------------------+
| User | Password |
+------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |
| root | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |
| root | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |
+------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql
root 4407 0.0 0.0 113248 1564 pts/1 S 22:09 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql 4562 0.0 4.7 859060 90436 pts/1 Sl 22:09 0:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 4645 0.0 0.0 112640 944 pts/1 S+ 22:14 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 4407
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 4562
[1]+ Killed mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql
root 4655 0.0 0.0 112640 944 pts/1 R+ 22:15 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@localhost ~]#
五、Lab
1.在serverX和desktopX上执行脚本:# lab mariadb setup
install mariadb database groups.
start and enable the mariadb service.
stop and disable the firewall.
create the legacy database.
restore the database backup (/home/student/mariadb.dump).
create users according to the ticket.
insert the new manufacturers.
from your desktopX system,validate your work.
[student@desktopX ~]$ lab mariadb grade
2.部署论坛
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
mysqladmin
[root@localhost html]# lftp 172.25.254.250
lftp 172.25.254.250:~> cd pub/
lftp 172.25.254.250:/pub> ls
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 12486177 Aug 25 2016 Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
drwxr-xr-x 7 0 0 73 Jun 24 2016 Enterprise
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1000 1000 103486240 Apr 28 2015 Student_2.7.13058.exe
drwxr-xr-x 10 0 0 105 Jun 12 2016 doc
drwxr-xr-x 13 1000 1000 4096 Mar 12 01:01 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 1000 1000 4096 Dec 01 07:54 exam
-rwxr-xr-x 1 0 0 18928 Sep 17 2016 foundation-config-7.0-1.r26059.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 0 0 1053 Nov 03 07:46 hostset
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 1079 Sep 22 2016 hostset.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 19 00:59 iso
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 53 Oct 31 2015 linuxmedia
drwxr-xr-x 3 0 0 18 Mar 01 2016 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 22 Apr 26 2016 python
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 38 Nov 26 2015 rhel6
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Sep 24 2015 rhel6.5
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Nov 19 2015 rhel7.0
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Jan 27 2016 rhel7.1
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Jul 25 2016 rhel7.2
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Nov 13 01:44 shellexample
drwxr-xr-x 4 0 0 4096 Apr 22 2016 software
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 397 Aug 25 2016 webapp.wsgi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 0 0 117 Sep 24 2015 x11vnc
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 85 Sep 13 2016 yum.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 252 Nov 17 09:15 部署论坛
lftp 172.25.254.250:/pub> get Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
12486177 bytes transferred
lftp 172.25.254.250:/pub> quit
[root@localhost html]# ls
Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip mysqladmin
[root@localhost html]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
[root@localhost html]# ls
Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip mysqladmin readme upload utility
[root@localhost html]# cd readme/
[root@localhost readme]# ls
changelog.txt convert.txt license.txt readme.txt upgrade.txt
[root@localhost readme]# less readme.txt
[root@localhost readme]#
[root@localhost readme]# cd ..
[root@localhost html]# chmod 777 upload -R
[root@localhost html]# geten
getenforce getent
[root@localhost html]# geten
getenforce getent
[root@localhost html]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@localhost html]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost html]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@localhost html]# readme.txt
第一单元 IPv6 网络的管理
一、IPv6 简介
1.Internet Protocol Version 6
2.IPv6 是 IETF (和互联网工程任务组)设计的用与替代现行版本 IP 协议的下一代 IP 协议。
3.IPv6 采用 128 位 2 进制数码表示
二、IPv6 示意图
三、IPv6 表示方式
1.为方便操作, ipv6 被换算成 8x16 进制的一串数字
– 2000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
– 2000:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
2.任意位数的 0 可以用 :: 来表示
– 2000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
– 2000::1
四、检测 IPv6 网络的工具
1.ping6 2001:db8:0:1::1
2.tracepath6 2001:db8:0:2::451
3.netstat -46n
– n 不作解析
– t tcp 协议
– u udp 协议
– L 状态位 listen 的端口
– a 所有端口
– p 显示进程
五、IPv6 的命令设定
#nmcli connection add con-name eth0 ifname eth0 type ethernet ip6 2014::1 gw6 2014::5
– ip addr show
– ip -6 route
六、IPv6 的文件设定
1.vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
– IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
– IPV6INIT=yes
– IPV6ADDR=2014::1/64
– IPV6_DEFAULTGW=2014::5
2.示例：
[root@localhost html]# cd /etc/sysconfig/
[root@localhost sysconfig]# cd network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-desktop ifdown-ppp ifup-eth ifup-sit
ifcfg-lo ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-Team
ifdown ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-bnep ifdown-Team ifup-isdn ifup-tunnel
ifdown-eth ifdown-TeamPort ifup-plip ifup-wireless
ifdown-ippp ifdown-tunnel ifup-plusb init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ipv6 ifup ifup-post network-functions
ifdown-isdn ifup-aliases ifup-ppp network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-post ifup-bnep ifup-routes
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6ADDR=2017::42
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /root/Desktop/
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 2017::42 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:2a0a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:00:2a:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 33402 bytes 291865260 (278.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 25440 bytes 2963215 (2.8 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 7209 bytes 3822950 (3.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 7209 bytes 3822950 (3.6 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
七、参数对比
1.ipv6.method manual <-->IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
2.ipv6.method auto<-->IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
3.ipv6.method dhcp<-->IPV6_AUTOCONF=no DHCPV6C=yes
4.ipv6.addresses<-->IPV6ADDR=
5.ipv6.dns<-->DNS0=
6.ipv6.ignore-auto-dns <-->IPV6_PEERDNS=no – ipv6.ignore-auto-dns ture