• nginx(二、配置文件)


    # 用户组,也可以使用root用户
    #user  nobody;
    # 与服务器核心数量一致,一般现在电脑内核4核8线程,8核16线程,如果CPU的使用率大,可以设置成内核*2,进程则会有多个worker
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    # 进程号保存地址
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        # 日志格式 main 访问地址,时间,浏览器等信息
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
       # 全局日志保存地址,也可以在server里面单独配置
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        server {
         # 监听端口
            listen       80;
         # 服务名称
            server_name  localhost;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
         # 拦截规则,拦截跳转地址
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ .php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }

    日志分割

    我们实际应用中,可能会对日志进行分析,若日志全部在一个文件中,不方便我们进行分析,需要进行拆分

    #user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
    
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
            if ($time_iso8601 ~ "^(d{4})-(d{2})-(d{2})T(d{2}):(d{2}):(d{2})") {
                            set $year $1;
                            set $month $2;
                            set $day $3;
                            set $hour $4;
                            set $minutes $5;
                            set $seconds $6;
                    }
    
        access_log  logs/$year-$month-$day-$hour-$minutes-$seconds-access.log  main;
    
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
        }
    }

    以上配置为了测试配置的是每秒产生一个日志,可以根据需求改成每天,注意把logs文件夹的所有权限打开,不然可能会报产生文件无权限的错误

    反向代理

    理解反向代理之前首先我们要理解什么是正向代理

    正向代理代理的是客户端,是位于客户端和原始服务器之间的服务器,客户端向代理服务器发送请求,然后代理服务器将请求转交给原始服务器。

    而反向代理则是代理的服务端,也就是实现分布式部署,客户端发送请求,nginx接收到后,按照一定规则分发给后端业务处理器。

     

    反向代理配置一般配置server{}这一部分。

    location

    location = pattern {} 精准匹配

    location / pattern {} 一般匹配

    location ~ pattern {} 正则匹配

    样例:rewrite

    server {
        listen 1234;
        server_name 10.32.16.195;
        location /goods {
            # 访问地址符合正则表达式则重定向页面
            rewrite "goods-{d[1,5]}.html" /goods-ctrl.html;
            root html;
            index test.html;
        }
    
    }

    样例:proxy

    location /springboot {
      # header传入真实IP
      proxy_set_header X-real-ip $remote_addr
      proxy_pass http://10.32.16.179:8089;
    }

    样例:静态资源配置

    location ~ .*.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|pdf|txt)$ {
      proxy_pass http://10.32.16.179:8089;
    }  

    负载均衡

    三种方式:轮询(默认)、权重、ip_hash

    轮询:

    ngnix依次将请求发送至后台

    upstream tomcatserver1 {  
        server 192.168.72.49:8080;  
        server 192.168.72.49:8081;  
        }   
      
     server {  
            listen       80;  
            server_name  8080.max.com;  
            #charset koi8-r;  
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;  
            location / {  
                proxy_pass   http://tomcatserver1;  
                index  index.html index.htm;  
            }  
         }

    权重:

    down:不参与负载均衡

    weight:权重越大负载越大

    max_fails:最大请求错误次数,超过这个值则返回proxy_next_upstream模块定义的错误

    fail_timeout:超过max_fails后,暂停的时间

    backup:其他所有非backup机器繁忙的时候,请求它,这台机器的压力最小

    upstream myServer {    
      
        server 192.168.72.49:9090 down;   
        server 192.168.72.49:8080 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30;     
        server 192.168.72.49:7070 backup;   
    }

    ip_hash

    每个请求会根据IP的hash值来分配,保证每个访客固定访问一个后端服务,这种方式虽然解决了session共享问题,但严格来说并不属于负载均衡,且如果一台tomcat挂了,则这台服务器的所有用户就要重新再登入一次。

    现在大部分工程都使用的jwt,避免了session共享的问题,所以还是用权重模式比较好。

    upstream tomcatserver1 { 
      ip_hash;   server
    192.168.72.49:8080;   server 192.168.72.49:8081; }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Unlimited-Blade-Works/p/12599694.html
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