• 查看SQL语句的真实执行计划


    DBMS_XPLAN包中display_cursor函数不同于display函数,display_cursor用于显示SQL语句的真实的执行计划,在大多数情况下,显示真实
    的执行计划有助于更好的分析SQL语句的全过程,尤其是运行此SQL语句实时的I/O开销。通过对比预估的I/O与真实的I/O开销来判断SQL语句所存
    在问题,如缺少统计信息,SQL语句执行的次数,根据实际中间结果集的大小来选择合适的连接方式等。本文仅仅讲述display_cursor函数的使
    用。
     
         有关执行计划中各字段模块的描述请参考: 执行计划中各字段各模块描述
            有关由SQL语句来获取执行计划请参考:    使用EXPLAIN PLAN获取SQL语句执行计划
            有关使用autotrace来获取执行计划请参考:启用AUTOTRACE功能
            有关dbms_xplan之display函数请参考:   dbms_xplan之display函数的使用
    一、display_cursor函数用法
    1、display_cursor函数语法
     
    DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(                        
     sql_id        IN  VARCHAR2  DEFAULT  NULL,       
     child_number  IN  NUMBER    DEFAULT  NULL,       
     format        IN  VARCHAR2  DEFAULT  'TYPICAL'); 
    2、display_cursor函数参数描述
            sql_id
                    指定位于库缓存执行计划中SQL语句的父游标。默认值为null。当使用默认值时当前会话的最后一条SQL语句的执行计划将被返回
                    可以通过查询V$SQL 或V$SQLAREA的SQL_ID列来获得SQL语句的SQL_ID。
            child_number
                    指定父游标下子游标的序号。即指定被返回执行计划的SQL语句的子游标。默认值为0。如果为null,则sql_id所指父游标下所有子游标
                    的执行计划都将被返回。
            format
                    控制SQL语句执行计划的输出部分,即哪些可以显示哪些不显示。使用与display函数的format参数与修饰符在这里同样适用。
                    除此之外当在开启statistics_level=all时或使用gather_plan_statistics提示可以获得执行计划中实时的统计信息
                    有关详细的format格式描述请参考:dbms_xplan之display函数的使用 中format参数的描述
     
            下面给出启用统计信息时format新增的修饰符
                    iostats   控制I/O统计的显示
                    last      默认,显示所有执行计算过的统计。如果指定该值,则只显示最后一次执行的统计信息
                    memstats  控制pga相关统计的显示
                    allstats  此为iostats memstats的快捷方式,即allstats包含了iostats和memstats
                    run_stats_last 等同于iostats last。只能用于oracle 10g R1
                    run_stats_tot  等同于iostats。只能用于oracle 10g R1                 
     
    二、演示使用display_cursor函数获取执行计划   
            1、当前数据库版本以及加载执行计划到库缓存               
     
    SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;                       
                                                                       
    BANNER                                                             
    ----------------------------------------------------------------   
    Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production          
                                                                                 
    SQL> SELECT ename,dname,loc                                        
      2  FROM   emp e, dept d                                           
      3  WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno                                    
      4  AND    e.empno  = 7788;                                       
                                                                       
    ENAME      DNAME          LOC                                       
    ---------- -------------- -------------                            
    SCOTT      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                   
            2、查看真实的执行计划             
     
    /*----------------不传递任何参数给display_cursor函数,显示当前会话最后一条SQL语句的执行计划-------------*/             
    /**************************************************/                                                                   
    /* Author: Robinson Cheng                         */                                                                   
    /* Blog:   https://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612     */                                                                   
    /* MSN:    robinson_0612@hotmail.com              */                                                                   
    /* QQ:     645746311                              */                                                                   
    /**************************************************/                                                                   
    SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null));                                                        
                                                                                                                            
    PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT                                                                                                      
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                             
    SQL_ID  a67wqmkfb9j65, child number 0                                                                                  
    -------------------------------------                                                                                   
    SELECT ename,dname,loc FROM   emp e, dept d WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno AND                                             
    e.empno  = 7788                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                           
    Plan hash value: 2385808155                                                                                             
                                                                                                                           
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                
    | Id  | Operation                    | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |                               
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                               
    |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |         |       |       |     3 (100)|          |                               
    |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |         |     1 |    63 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |                               
    |   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP     |     1 |    33 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |                               
    |*  3 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP  |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                               
    |   4 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |   409 | 12270 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                               
    |*  5 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_DEPT |     1 |       |     0   (0)|          |                               
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                               
                                                                                                                           
    Predicate Information (identified by operation id):                                                                     
    ---------------------------------------------------                                                                    
                                                                                                                           
       3 - access("E"."EMPNO"=7788)                                                                                        
       5 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")                                                                               
                                                                                                                           
    /*------------------- 获得SQL语句的SQL_ID,可以看出此SQL_ID与上面显示的执行计划中的SQL_ID一致----------*/             
    SQL> select sql_id,address,plan_hash_value,hash_value,child_number from v$sql                                          
      2  where sql_text like '%SELECT ename%' and sql_text not like '%from v$sql%';                                        
                                                                                                                           
    SQL_ID        ADDRESS          PLAN_HASH_VALUE HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER                                                  
    ------------- ---------------- --------------- ---------- ------------                                                 
    a67wqmkfb9j65 0000000091DBFBC8      2385808155 2629092549            0                                                  
                                                                                                                           
    /*-------------- 传递SQL_ID以及format参数,并配合修饰符控制执行计划的输出------------------------*/                   
    SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('a67wqmkfb9j65',null,'typical -predicate -rows'));                  
                                                                                                                           
    PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT                                                                                                       
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                   
    SQL_ID  a67wqmkfb9j65, child number 0                                                                                   
    -------------------------------------                                                                                  
    SELECT ename,dname,loc FROM   emp e, dept d WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno                                                 
    AND    e.empno  = 7788                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                            
    Plan hash value: 2385808155                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                       
    | Id  | Operation                    | Name    | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |                                        
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                       
    |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |         |       |     3 (100)|          |                                        
    |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |         |    63 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                       
    |   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP     |    33 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                       
    |   3 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP  |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                       
    |   4 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    | 12270 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |                                       
    |   5 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_DEPT |       |     0   (0)|          |                                       
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                       
            3、查看真实执行计划并获得统计信息
                    前提条件
                            设置参数statistics_level为all,可以基于session级别以及实例级别
                            或者启用gather_plan_statistics提示     
     
    /*-------------查看实例参数statistics_level的值,并在会话级别将其设定为all  ---------*/                                 
    SQL> show parameter statistics_le                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
    NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE                                                                  
    ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------                                         
    statistics_level                     string      ALL                                                                    
                                                                                                                            
    SQL> alter session set statistics_level=all;                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
    Session altered.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                            
    SQL> select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade                                                                                        
      2  from emp e                                                                                                         
      3  join salgrade s                                                                                                     
      4  on e.sal between losal and hisal                                                                                   
      5  and e.deptno = 20;                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
    ENAME             SAL      GRADE                                                                                         
    ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                                        
    SCOTT            3000          4                                                                                        
    FORD             3000          4                                                                                        
    JONES            2975          4                                                                                        
    ADAMS            1100          1                                                                                        
    SMITH             800          1                                                                                        
                                                                                                                            
    /*------- 执行上述SQL语句后获得其真实的执行计划,使用了iostats last -predicate -note 修饰符控制显示输出-----*/         
    SQL> set pagesize 0                                                                                                     
    SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'iostats last -predicate -note'));                         
    SQL_ID  243b0tpjxj6wv, child number 0                                                                                   
    -------------------------------------                                                                                    
    select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade from emp e join salgrade s on e.sal between losal and                                      
    hisal and e.deptno = 20                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
    Plan hash value: 4204027666                                                                                              
                                                                                                                            
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                             
    | Id  | Operation            | Name     | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |                             
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                             
    |   1 |  MERGE JOIN          |          |      1 |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |      14 |                             
    |   2 |   SORT JOIN          |          |      1 |      5 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                             
    |   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP      |      1 |      5 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                             
    |   4 |   FILTER             |          |      5 |        |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                             
    |   5 |    SORT JOIN         |          |      5 |      5 |     14 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                             
    |   6 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALGRADE |      1 |      5 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |                             
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                             
                                                                                                                            
    /*---------------- 修改会话级别的参数statistics_level为typical并验证修改结果----------------*/                         
    SQL> alter session set statistics_level=typical;                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
    SQL> col name format a40                                                                                                
    SQL> col value format a25                                                                                               
    SQL> col display_value format a25                                                                                       
    SQL> select name, value, display_value, isses_modifiable                                                                
      2  from v$parameter                                                                                                   
      3  where isses_modifiable = 'TRUE'                                                                                    
      4  and name like '%&input_name%';                                                                                     
    Enter value for input_name: statistics_level                                                                            
    old   4: and name like '%&input_name%'                                                                                  
    new   4: and name like '%statistics_level%'                                                                              
                                                                                                                            
    NAME                                     VALUE                     DISPLAY_VALUE             ISSES                      
    ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -----                      
    statistics_level                         TYPICAL                   TYPICAL                   TRUE                       
                                                                                                                            
    /*-------- 使用提示gather_plan_statistics,并获得其真实执行计划,使用了allstats -rows修饰符控制显示输出---*/            
    SQL> set pagesize 180                                                                                                   
    SQL> SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ ename,dname,loc                                                               
      2  FROM   emp e, dept d                                                                                               
      3  WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno                                                                                         
      4  AND    d.deptno=20 ORDER BY 1,2,3;                                                                                 
                                                                                                                            
    ENAME      DNAME          LOC                                                                                            
    ---------- -------------- -------------                                                                                 
    ADAMS      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                         
    FORD       RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                        
    JONES      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                         
    SCOTT      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                        
    SMITH      RESEARCH       DALLAS                                                                                        
                                                                                                                            
    SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats -rows'));                                        
                                                                                                                            
    PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT                                                                                                        
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                       
    SQL_ID  d2hh42yzqqjz7, child number 0                                                                                   
    -------------------------------------                                                                                   
    SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ ename,dname,loc FROM   emp e, dept d WHERE  e.deptno = d.deptno AND                
    d.deptno=20 ORDER BY 1,2,3                                                                                              
                                                                                                                             
    Plan hash value: 3339094711                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    | Id  | Operation                     | Name    | Starts | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |  OMem |  1Mem |  O/1/M   |   
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    |   1 |  SORT ORDER BY                |         |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       9 |  2048 |  2048 |     1/0/0|   
    |   2 |   NESTED LOOPS                |         |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       9 |       |       |          |   
    |   3 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DEPT    |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       2 |       |       |          |   
    |*  4 |     INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_DEPT |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |       |       |          |   
    |*  5 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL          | EMP     |      1 |      5 |00:00:00.01 |       7 |       |       |          |    
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                                                                            
    Predicate Information (identified by operation id):                                                                     
    ---------------------------------------------------                                                                     
                                                                                                                             
       4 - access("D"."DEPTNO"=20)                                                                                          
       5 - filter("E"."DEPTNO"=20)                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
    Note                                                                                                                    
    -----                                                                                                                   
       - dynamic sampling used for this statement                                                                           
    三、总结
            1、与display函数不同,display_cursor显示的为真实的执行计划
            2、对于format参数,使用与display函数的各个值,同样适用于display_cursor函数
            3、当statistics_level为all或使用gather_plan_statistics提示可以获得执行时的统计信息
            4、根据真实与预估的统计信息可以初步判断SQL效率低下的原因,如统计信息的准确性、主要的开销位于那些步骤等   

  • 相关阅读:
    20100420 ~ 20100520 小结与本月计划
    打造第二代测试框架TestDriven 2.0(六)—— 最新测试思路分析
    C# 反射性能测试
    Java 反射与cglib.proxy与cglib.beanmap与直接赋值 性能对比
    Apache Mina 源码分析。
    msn in c#, 最新代码
    20100520 ~ 20100620 小结与本月计划
    messageflow 集成到信息系统 第一阶段 手稿
    flash > AMF > java 的对象映射关系
    我在想:也许.net的基因里面就输给了java
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/UUUz/p/10212929.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知