• 字符串/与之操作


    定义:在单引号双引号三引号内包含一串字符

    name1 = 'jason'  # 本质:name = str('任意形式内容')
    name2 = "lili"  # 本质:name = str("任意形式内容")
    name3 = """ricky"""  # 本质:name = str("""任意形式内容""")
    

     字符串的类型转换

    # 数据类型转换:str()可以将任意数据类型转换成字符串类型,例如 
    >>> type(str([1,2,3])) # list->str
    <class 'str'>
    >>> type(str({"name":"jason","age":18})) # dict->str
    <class 'str'>
    >>> type(str((1,2,3)))  # tuple->str
    <class 'str'>
    >>> type(str({1,2,3,4})) # set->str
    <class 'str'>
    

      

    字符串中的操作!!!优先掌握!!!

    # 1.按索引取值(正向取+反向取):只能取
    msg = 'hello world'
    # 正向取
    print(msg[0])
    # 反向去
    print(msg[-1])
    # 只能取
    msg[0]='H' # 报错
    
    # 2.切片:索引的拓展应用,从一个大字符串中拷贝出一个子字符串
    msg = 'hello world'
    # 顾头不顾尾
    res = msg[0:5]
    print(res)
    # 步长:默认步长为1
    res = msg[0:5:2] # 0,2,4
    print(res) # hlo
    # 反向步长
    res = msg[5:0:-1]
    print(res) # " olle"
    
    res = msg[:] # res=msg[0:11]
    print(res)
    
    res = msg[::-1] # 把字符串倒过来
    print(res)
    
    # 3.长度len
    msg = 'hello world'
    print(len(msg))
    

      

    # 4.成员运算in和not in
    # 判断子字符串是否存在于一个大字符串中
    print('love' in 'I love you')
    print('love' not in 'love you')
    
    # 5.移除字符串左右两侧的符号strip()
    # 了解:strip只去两边字符,不去中间
    msg = '**lo*ve**'
    res = msg.strip('*') # 默认去掉左右两侧空格
    print(msg) # 不会改变原值
    print(res) # 是产生了新值
    
    # 应用
    '''
    name = input('name:').strip()
    pwd = input('password:').strip()
    if name == 'zcy' and pwd == '123':
        print('登录成功')
    else:
        print('登录失败')
    '''
    
    # 6.切分split():把一个字符串按照某种分隔符进行切分,得到一个列表
    # 默认按照空格分隔
    info = 'egon 18 male'
    res = info.split()
    print(res)
    # 指定分隔符
    info = 'egon:18:male'
    res = info.split(':')
    print(res)
    # 指定分隔次数(了解)
    info = 'egon:18:male'
    res = info.split(':',1)
    print(res) # ['egon', '18:male']
    
    # 7.循环
    info = 'egon:18:male'
    for i in info.split(':'):
        print(i)
    

      

    需要掌握的!!
    # 4.2 需要掌握
    #、strip,lstrip,rstrip   发现没??left   and  right.这样就简单多了是吧?
    # msg='***egon****'
    # print(msg.strip('*'))
    # print(msg.lstrip('*'))
    # print(msg.rstrip('*'))
    
    #4.2.2、lower,upper
    # msg='AbbbCCCC'
    # print(msg.lower())
    # print(msg.upper())
    
    #4.2.3、startswith,endswith
    # print("alex is sb".startswith("alex"))
    # print("alex is sb".endswith('sb'))
    
    #4.2.4、format
    
    #4.2.5、split,rsplit:将字符串切成列表
    # info="egon:18:male"
    # print(info.split(':',1)) # ["egon","18:male"]
    # print(info.rsplit(':',1)) # ["egon:18","male"]
    
    #4.2.6、join: 把列表拼接成字符串
    # l=['egon', '18', 'male']
    # res=l[0]+":"+l[1]+":"+l[2]
    # res=":".join(l) # 按照某个分隔符号,把元素全为字符串的列表拼接成一个大字符串
    # print(res)
    
    # l=[1,"2",'aaa']
    # ":".join(l)
    
    #4.2.7、replace    
    # msg="you can you up no can no bb"
    # print(msg.replace("you","YOU",))
    # print(msg.replace("you","YOU",1))
    
    #4.2.8、isdigit
    # 判断字符串是否由纯数字组成
    # print('123'.isdigit())
    # print('12.3'.isdigit())
    
    # age=input('请输入你的年龄:').strip()
    # if age.isdigit():
    #     age=int(age) # int("abbab")
    #     if age > 18:
    #         print('猜大了')
    #     elif age < 18:
    #         print('猜小了')
    #     else:
    #         print('才最了')
    # else:
    #     print('必须输入数字,傻子')
    

      

    ***了解即可***
    #4.3.1、find,rfind,index,rindex,count
    msg='hello egon hahaha'
    # 找到返回起始索引
    # print(msg.find('e')) # 返回要查找的字符串在大字符串中的起始索引
    # print(msg.find('egon'))
    # print(msg.index('e'))
    # print(msg.index('egon'))
    # 找不到
    # print(msg.find('xxx')) # 返回-1,代表找不到
    # print(msg.index('xxx')) # 抛出异常
    
    # msg='hello egon hahaha egon、 egon'
    # print(msg.count('egon'))
    
    #4.3.2、center,ljust,rjust,zfill
    # print('egon'.center(50,'*'))
    # print('egon'.ljust(50,'*'))
    # print('egon'.rjust(50,'*'))
    # print('egon'.zfill(10))
    
    #4.3.3、expandtabs
    # msg='hello	world'
    # print(msg.expandtabs(2)) # 设置制表符代表的空格数为2
    
    #4.3.4、captalize,swapcase,title
    # print("hello world egon".capitalize())
    # print("Hello WorLd EGon".swapcase())
    # print("hello world egon".title())
    
    #4.3.5、is数字系列
    #4.3.6、is其他
    # print('abc'.islower())
    # print('ABC'.isupper())
    # print('Hello World'.istitle())
    # print('123123aadsf'.isalnum()) # 字符串由字母或数字组成结果为True
    # print('ad'.isalpha()) # 字符串由由字母组成结果为True
    # print('     '.isspace()) # 字符串由空格组成结果为True
    # print('print'.isidentifier())
    # print('age_of_egon'.isidentifier())
    # print('1age_of_egon'.isidentifier())
    
    
    num1=b'4' #bytes
    num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode
    num3='四' #中文数字
    num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字
    
    # isdigit只能识别:num1、num2
    # print(num1.isdigit()) # True
    # print(num2.isdigit()) # True
    # print(num3.isdigit()) # False
    # print(num4.isdigit()) # False
    
    
    
    # isnumeric可以识别:num2、num3、num4
    # print(num2.isnumeric()) # True
    # print(num3.isnumeric()) # True
    # print(num4.isnumeric()) # True
    
    # isdecimal只能识别:num2
    print(num2.isdecimal()) # True
    print(num3.isdecimal()) # False
    print(num4.isdecimal()) # False
    
    
    
    >>> l=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
    >>> l[0:3:1] 
    [1, 2, 3]  # 正向步长
    >>> l[2::-1] 
    [3, 2, 1]  # 反向步长
    
    # 通过索引取值实现列表翻转
    >>> l[::-1]
    [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
    

      

    join连接
    # 从可迭代对象中取出多个字符串,然后按照指定的分隔符进行拼接,拼接的结果为字符串
    >>> '%'.join('hello') # 从字符串'hello'中取出多个字符串,然后按照%作为分隔符号进行拼接
    'h%e%l%l%o'
    >>> '|'.join(['tony','18','read'])  # 从列表中取出多个字符串,然后按照*作为分隔符号进行拼接
    'tony|18|read'
    
    
    

      

    replace替换
    # 用新的字符替换字符串中旧的字符
    >>> str7 = 'my name is tony, my age is 18!'  # 将tony的年龄由18岁改成73岁
    >>> str7 = str7.replace('18', '73')  # 语法:replace('旧内容', '新内容')
    >>> str7
    my name is tony, my age is 73!
    
    # 可以指定修改的个数
    >>> str7 = 'my name is tony, my age is 18!'
    >>> str7 = str7.replace('my', 'MY',1) # 只把一个my改为MY
    >>> str7
    'MY name is tony, my age is 18!'
    
    
    

      

    isdigit
    # 判断字符串是否是纯数字组成,返回结果为True或False
    >>> str8 = '5201314'
    >>> str8.isdigit()
    True
    
    >>> str8 = '123g123'
    >>> str8.isdigit()
    False
    
    
    

      

     





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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Tornadoes-Destroy-Parking-Lots/p/12456954.html
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