指令帮助:
man xxx_command
man 2 xxx_command
man 3 xxx_command
eg. 打开文件的函数open, 如果不清楚传参,则
man open
man 2 xxx_command 通常在man下面如果出来的不是你想要的,试试man 2:
eg. 写内容到文件函数write
man 2 write
ps:man后面跟数字的含义:
1、Standard commands (标准命令) 2、System calls (系统调用) 3、Library functions (库函数) 4、Special devices (设备说明) 5、File formats (文件格式) 6、Games and toys (游戏和娱乐) 7、Miscellaneous (杂项) 8、Administrative Commands (管理员命令) 9 其他(Linux特定的), 用来存放内核例行程序的文档。
编译&链接:
gcc -o 可执行文件 源文件.c(或依赖文件)
只编译(得到obj/o文件),不链接
gcc -c 源文件.c
调试支持
gcc -g -o 可执行文件 依赖文件
配合 gdb 可执行文件 就可以调试了。
(ps, 如果调试的时候,命令要跟参数, 参考这里。
即:先 gdb 指令 进入调试, 然后 run 具体参数
)
调优:
gcc -O -o 目标文件 依赖文件
-O相关的man帮助文档如下:
The compiler performs optimization based on the knowledge it has of the program. Compiling multiple files at once to a single output file mode allows the compiler to use information gained from all of the files when compiling each of them. Not all optimizations are controlled directly by a flag. Only optimizations that have a flag are listed. -O -O1 Optimize. Optimizing compilation takes somewhat more time, and a lot more memory for a large function. With -O, the compiler tries to reduce code size and execution time, without performing any optimizations that take a great deal of compilation time. -O turns on the following optimization flags: -fauto-inc-dec -fcprop-registers -fdce -fdefer-pop -fdelayed-branch -fdse -fguess-branch-probability -fif-conversion2 -fif-conversion -finline-small-functions -fipa-pure-const -fipa-reference -fmerge-constants -fsplit-wide-types -ftree-builtin-call-dce -ftree-ccp -ftree-ch -ftree-copyrename -ftree-dce -ftree-dominator-opts -ftree-dse -ftree-fre -ftree-sra -ftree-ter -funit-at-a-time -O also turns on -fomit-frame-pointer on machines where doing so does not interfere with debugging. -O2 Optimize even more. GCC performs nearly all supported optimizations that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff. As compared to -O, this option increases both compilation time and the performance of the generated code. -O2 turns on all optimization flags specified by -O. It also turns on the following optimization flags: -fthread-jumps -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -fcaller-saves -fcrossjumping -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -fexpensive-optimizations -fgcse -fgcse-lm -findirect-inlining -foptimize-sibling-calls -fpeephole2 -fregmove -freorder-blocks -freorder-functions -frerun-cse-after-loop -fsched-interblock -fsched-spec -fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2 -fstrict-aliasing -fstrict-overflow -ftree-switch-conversion -ftree-pre -ftree-vrp Please note the warning under -fgcse about invoking -O2 on programs that use computed gotos. -O3 Optimize yet more. -O3 turns on all optimizations specified by -O2 and also turns on the -finline-functions, -funswitch-loops, -fpredictive-commoning, -fgcse-after-reload, -ftree-vectorize and -fipa-cp-clone options. -O0 Reduce compilation time and make debugging produce the expected results. This is the default. -Os Optimize for size. -Os enables all -O2 optimizations that do not typically increase code size. It also performs further optimizations designed to reduce code size. -Os disables the following optimization flags: -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -freorder-blocks -freorder-blocks-and-partition -fprefetch-loop-arrays -ftree-vect-loop-version If you use multiple -O options, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
If you use multiple -O options, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.
Makefile/makefile
一个大工程,有很多文件要编译链接时用到,配合make指令使用。
Makefile编写规则:
目标文件:依赖文件
规则/指令
Makefile的解析方式类似递归算法(暂未看其源码):
1. 第一行的目标文件即为最终文件
2. 查看其依赖文件是否存在,存在且为最新的则生成最终文件。结束。否则,跳至3
3. 查看其(以上的依赖文件的)依赖文件的生成规则是否存在, 不存在报错。存在,则重复以上步骤2,直至生成最终目标文件。
awesome-c
如果想看看c有哪些优秀的开源库,或者想用项目上手,看这里:
https://notabug.org/koz.ross/awesome-c
(不完全译本:https://github.com/jobbole/awesome-c-cn)
其他
http://c.biancheng.net/cpp/u/yuanma/list_62_1.html