raid<-PV(物理卷)<-VG(卷组)->LV(逻辑分区)
硬盘构成物理卷,N个PV(物理卷)可以构成一个VG(卷组),VG可以划分成多个LV,每个LV对应一个目录(df)
LVM———Logical Volume Manager(逻辑卷管理器)的简写。LVM可以帮助我们为应用与用户方便地分配存储空间。在LVM管理下的逻辑卷可以按需改变大小或添加移除。LVM也允许按用户组对存储卷进行管理,允许管理员用更直观的名称(如”sales’,'development’)代替物理磁盘(如’sda’,'sdb’)来标识存储卷。
传统分区概念
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LVM逻辑卷管理
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磁盘空间独立性 | 不能充分利用,尤其是一个FS只能对应一个分区 | 多磁盘PV组成存储池VG,再根据应用细分逻辑卷LV,空间利用率提高 |
空间扩展性 | 重新分区 | 采取静态或动态在线扩展卷组容量 |
数据备份 | 业务繁忙时,I/O接口读写频繁 | 可采取快照方式捕捉某一逻辑卷的瞬间精确拷贝已完成在线备份工作 |
用户使用性 | 分区标识无法满足大量用户要求 | 可根据用户需求定义lv逻辑卷的卷标 |
1.搭建环境:OS:RHEL5.3
LVM包
IDE磁盘/dev/hdb(1024MB),/dev/hdd(1024MB)
2.转换磁盘分区——>lvm卷分区
最终方案:/dev/hdb ——> 创建 /dev/hdb1(Id:5,System:Extended)
/dev/hdb5(Id:8e,System:Linux LVM)
/dev/hdd ——> 创建 /dev/hdd1(Id:5,System:Extended)
/dev/hdd5(Id:8e,System:Linux LVM)
操作:(仅以/dev/hdb为例)
#fdisk /dev/hdb
#p(显示分区情况)——>#n(新建分区)——>#e(创建扩展分区)——>#l(创建逻辑分区) #此处为实验环境方便后面的增减操作,所以我们将/dev/hdb全部划分为一个分区 #t(设置磁盘Hex code)——>#8e(LinuxLVM)——>#w(保存操作) #p Disk /dev/hdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 1 2080 1048288+ 5 Extended /dev/hdb5 1 2080 1048257 8e Linux LVM #partprobe (此命令让kernel会重新读取磁盘分区表,修改生效) |
1.创建PV盘
方案: /dev/hdb ——> lvm2[1024MB]
/dev/hdd ——> lvm2[1024MB]
#pvcreate /dev/hdb5 /dev/hdd5
#pvscan #pvdisplay “/dev/hdb5″ is a new physical volume of “1023.69 MB”
— NEW Physical volume — PV Name /dev/hdb5 VG Name PV Size 1023.69 MB Allocatable NO PE Size (KByte) 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID zM7103-SJg4-ZjOb-BeL0-dlR1-HHh6-HCG8kG “/dev/hdd5″ is a new physical volume of “1023.69 MB”
— NEW Physical volume — PV Name /dev/hdd5 VG Name PV Size 1023.69 MB Allocatable NO PE Size (KByte) 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID hAk1Dx-QulA-YV4G-p8wa-7sWw-FiaC-10GorS |
方案: lvm2(/dev/hdb)——> vg1
lvm2(/dev/hdd)——> vg2
操作:
#vgcreate vg1 /dev/hdb5
#vgcreate vg2 /dev/hdd5 #vgscan #vgdisplay — Volume group —
VG Name vg2 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 1020.00 MB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 255 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MB VG UUID Wa4Jo8-k3xY-BTng-uV6j-0Ee1-Vp8b-fNVrhQ — Volume group —
VG Name vg1 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 1020.00 MB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 255 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MB VG UUID UGjfZd-shth-ZRTU-sVVm-MD0s-wzVB-zd7Uwt |
方案: work(/dev/hdb5)——> vg1
Study(/dev/hdd5)——> vg2
操作:
#lvcreate –L 500M –n work vg1 #lvcreate –L 500M –n study vg2 #lvscan #lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- --- Logical volume --- |
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/hdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/hdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
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#mkdir ../home/work ../home/study
#mount ../dev/vg1/work ../home/work
#mount ../dev/vg2/study ../home/study
#df –Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2 ext3 494M 212M 257M 46% /
/dev/hda9 ext3 494M 45M 425M 10% /var
/dev/hda8 ext3 494M 11M 458M 3% /opt
/dev/hda6 ext3 2.3G 68M 2.1G 4% /home
/dev/hda3 ext3 2.0G 1.7G 182M 91% /usr
/dev/hda5 ext3 1.5G 35M 1.4G 3% /usr/local
/dev/hda1 ext3 244M 12M 219M 6% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg1-work
ext3 485M 11M 449M 3% /home/work
/dev/mapper/vg2-study
ext3 485M 11M 449M 3% /home/study