FTP服务器搭建:
这里直接贴一老哥的链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lj402159806/article/details/78209103 非常感谢
安装vsftpd
sudo apt install vsftpd- 1
配置参数
命令行输入
vim /etc/vsftpd.conf使用如下配置
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=ftp
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES配置说明
- anonymous_enable=NO 拒绝匿名登陆
- write_enable=YES 设置可以上传文件，这个设置看需要个人需要
- xferlog_enable=YES 开启日志记录
- xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log 设置日志文件路径
- xferlog_std_format=YES 设置日志格式为标准输出
- connect_from_port_20=YES 绑定20端口
- ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service. 欢迎语句，在使用shell时可以看到
- chroot_local_user=YES
- chroot_list_enable=YES
- chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
上面的这几个配置实现的功能是：用户被限制在自己的主目录下。用户名单来源于/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list - user_sub_token=$USER
-
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
添加一个user_sub_token ，以便插入用户名在我们local_root directory路径，以便我们的配置将为该用户，并可能被添加任何未来的用户 -
pam_service_name=ftp原配置中为vsftpd，ubuntu用户需要更改成ftp
如果登录后出现如下错误，则在/etc/vsftpd.conf文件内添加allow_writeable_chroot=YES
500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()- 1
创建ftp用户
mkdir /home/ftpuser
sudo useradd ftpuser -g ftpgroup -d /home/ftpuser -m
sudo passwd ftpuser
mkdir /home/ftpuser/ftp
chmod 777 -R /home/username/ftp
usermod -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list要自己创建，并将ftpuser放进去
启动vsftpd或者重启
- systemctl start vsftpd 或 service vsftpd start
- systemctl restart vsftpd 或 service vsftpd restart
在windows上查看ip,配置ubun上的ip，使其与本机处于同一个网关之类，这样就能ping通
我的做法是:
更改虚拟机网卡设置，设为"桥接网卡"，开启虚拟机，配置ip地址，把自动获取改为手动，必须与windows的地址在同一个网关内
例如: windows : 192.168.0.*** 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
ubuntu: 192.168.0.*** 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
重启网卡或者重启虚拟机，使其网络地址生效，关闭防火墙
在windows上ping linux(ip),一般应该是能ping通的
在unbuntu上启动ftp,在本机上输入ftp://ip
ftp 上的操作:
dir 列出目录
cd 进入
bin 改为二进制 ，使上传，下载速度增快
put 上传
get 下载
也可以直接使用图形化界面进行操作