• JavaEE——Spring4--(9)Spring的事务管理(注解方式)


    用来确保数据的完整性和一致性.
    事务的四个关键属性(ACID)
    原子性(atomicity): 事务是一个原子操作, 由一系列动作组成. 事务的原子性确保动作要么全部完成要么完全不起作用.
    一致性(consistency): 一旦所有事务动作完成, 事务就被提交. 数据和资源就处于一种满足业务规则的一致性状态中.
    隔离性(isolation): 可能有许多事务会同时处理相同的数据, 因此每个事物都应该与其他事务隔离开来, 防止数据损坏.
    持久性(durability): 一旦事务完成, 无论发生什么系统错误, 它的结果都不应该受到影响. 通常情况下, 事务的结果被写到持久化存储器中.

    1.基于注解的

    导入相应的jar包  mysql  C3P0  和Spring的AOP的

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        <!--扫描包-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="jdbc"></context:component-scan>
    
        <!--导入资源文件-->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    
        <!--配置C3P0数据源-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
    
            <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
            <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!--配置Spring的JDBCTemplate-->
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
    </beans>
    

     相应的db.properties

    jdbc.user=root
    jdbc.password=1234
    jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_person
    
    jdbc.initPoolSize=5
    jdbc.maxPoolSize=10
    

      

    首先配置组件扫描

    <context:component-scan base-package="jdbc"></context:component-scan>

    在xml配置了这个标签后,spring可以自动去扫描base-pack下面或者子包下面的java文件,如果扫描到有@Component @Controller@Service等这些注解的类,则把这些类注册为bean

    再写出连接数据库后需要做的事情(增删改查)

    1.写增删改查的接口

    package jdbc.transactionManager;
    
    public interface BookShopDAO {
    
        //根据书号获取单价
        public double findPriceByIsbn(String isbn);
    
        //更新书的库存,使书号对应的库存-1
        public void updateBookStock(String isbn);
    
        //更新账户余额   使username的balance-price
        public void updateUserAccount(String username, double price);
    }
    

      实现增删改查接口

    记得在实现的类上标上注解@Repository("bookShopDAO")

    还有 @Autowired

    package jdbc.transactionManager;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    @Repository("bookShopDAO")
    public class BookShopDAOImpl implements BookShopDAO {
    
        @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public double findPriceByIsbn(String isbn) {
            String sql = "SELECT price FROM book WHERE isbn = ?";
            return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Double.class, isbn);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void updateBookStock(String isbn) {
            //要检查书的库存是否足够,不够的话,要抛出异常
            String sql2 = "SELECT stock FROM book_stock WHERE isbn = ?";
            int stock = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, isbn);
            if(stock == 0){
                throw new BookStockException("库存不足");
            }
    
            String sql = "UPDATE book_stock SET stock = stock - 1 WHERE isbn = ?";
            jdbcTemplate.update(sql, isbn);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void updateUserAccount(String username, double price) {
            //要检查用户的余额,不够的话,要抛出异常
            String sql2 = "SELECT balance FROM account WHERE username = ?";
            double balance = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Double.class, username);
            if(balance <= price){
                throw new UserAccountException("余额不足");
            }
    
            String sql = "UPDATE account SET balance = balance - ? WHERE username = ?";
            jdbcTemplate.update(sql, price, username);
        }
    }
    

     

    注意判断条件,若不符合条件的抛出异常

    自己定义的异常  首先要继承RunTimeException  然后写全部的构造器

    package jdbc.transactionManager;
    
    public class BookStockException extends RuntimeException {
    
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        
        
        public BookStockException() {
        }
    
        public BookStockException(String message) {
            super( message );
        }
    
        public BookStockException(String message, Throwable cause) {
            super( message, cause );
        }
    
        public BookStockException(Throwable cause) {
            super( cause );
        }
    
        public BookStockException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
            super( message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace );
        }
    }
    

      进行查询购买

    1.先写购买的接口

    package jdbc.transactionManager;
    
    public interface BookShopService {
        //顾客买书
        public void purchase(String username, String isbn);
    }
    

      

    2.在实现该接口   在实现该购买接口时,注意在对应的方法上面添上事务注解@Transactional

    这样购买的流程就会成为一个事务,当余额或库存不足时,不会完成事务,会发生回滚

    package jdbc.transactionManager;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
    
    @Service("bookShopService")
    public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService{
    
    
        @Autowired
        private BookShopDAO bookShopDAO;
    
        //添加事务注解
        @Transactional
        @Override
        public void purchase(String username, String isbn) {
    
            //获取书的单价
            double price = bookShopDAO.findPriceByIsbn(isbn);
    
            //更新书的库存
            bookShopDAO.updateBookStock(isbn);
    
            //更新用户的余额
            bookShopDAO.updateUserAccount(username, price);
        }
    }
    

      注意还要在xml中进行事务配置

        <!--配置事务管理器-->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!--启用事务注解-->
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
    

     完整的xml配置文件如下

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    
        <!--扫描包-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="jdbc"></context:component-scan>
    
        <!--导入资源文件-->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    
        <!--配置C3P0数据源-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
    
            <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
            <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!--配置Spring的JDBCTemplate-->
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!--配置事务管理器-->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!--启用事务注解-->
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
    
    </beans>
    

      

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/SkyeAngel/p/8306328.html
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