登录、认证、token处理、前台cookie存储token

免费课程相关表设计

models的设计

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericRelation
class Course(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="课程名", max_length=32)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="课程简介", max_length=128, null=True, blank=True)
    # 存放media文件夹下图片的相对路径：eg: media/python入门.jpeg
    image = models.CharField(verbose_name="海报", max_length=64, null=True, blank=True)
    # 用户连表查询，不会在数据库中产生字段
    price_policy = GenericRelation(to='PricePolicy')  

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "免费课程"

class CourseDetail(models.Model):
    level = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=((0, '初级'), (1, "中级"), (2, "高级")))
    movie_url = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    info = models.TextField()
    course = models.OneToOneField(to='Course', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False)
    teacher = models.OneToOneField(to='Teacher', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.course.name + '的详情'
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "免费课程详情"

class Teacher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    info = models.TextField()
    image = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    level = models.IntegerField(default=0, choices=((0, '初级讲师'), (1, "金牌讲师"), (2, "特约讲师")))
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "讲师"

class DegreeCourse(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price_policy = GenericRelation(to='PricePolicy')
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "学位课程"

from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
class PricePolicy(models.Model):
    day = models.IntegerField()
    price = models.CharField(max_length=8)
    object_id = models.IntegerField()
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(to=ContentType, null=True)
    # 改操作只用于ContentType连表查询，不会产生表字段, 就是关联课程表的对象
    model_obj = GenericForeignKey()

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s：(%s天 ￥:%s)" % (self.model_obj.name, self.day, self.price)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "价格策略"

前台路由与页面

APP.vue组件

<div id="nav">
    <router-link to="/">主页</router-link>
    |
    <router-link to="/login">登录</router-link>
    |
    <router-link to="/course">免费课程</router-link>
    |
    <!-- 在页面中转跳路由传递参数, 传递了params参数，this.$router.params可以拿到这个参数字典 -->
    <!--<router-link :to="{'name': 'degree-course', 'params': {'id': 1, 'name': 'owen'}}">学位课程</router-link>-->
    <router-link :to="{'name': 'degree-course'}">学位课程</router-link>
</div>

router.js路由配置

# 在views文件夹中建立对应的组件
{
    path: '/login',
    name: 'login',
    component: () => import('./views/Login.vue')
},
{
    path: '/course',
    name: 'course',
    component: () => import('./views/Course.vue')
},
{
    path: '/degree-course',
    name: 'degree-course',
    component: () => import('./views/DegreeCourse.vue')
},
{
    path: '/course-detail',
    name: 'course-detail',
    component: () => import('./views/CourseDetail.vue')
}

项目开发视图与响应的二次封装

响应

# api.utils.py
class ApiResponse:
    def __init__(self, status=0, message='ok'):
        self.status = status
        self.message = message
        # 要返回给前台的api字典
    @property
    def api_dic(self):
        return self.__dict__

视图

# 在api应用文件夹下创建包views
# 1.分文件管理不同的视图类，视图类继承ModelViewSet管理一系列视图函数
# 2.在__ini__文件中统一管理到 视图类

# __init__.py
from .Course import CourseView

# views文件夹/Course文件/CourseView
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api.utils import ApiResponse
from api import models, objectjson

class CourseView(ModelViewSet):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        api_response = ApiResponse()
        course_list = models.Course.objects.all()
        course_data = objectjson.CourseJson(course_list, many=True).data
        api_response.results = course_data
        return Response(api_response.api_dic)

免费课程首页展示

main.js配置后台请求根路径

// 后台根接口
Vue.prototype.$base_api = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/';

views/Course.vue

<template>
    <div class="course">
        <h2>免费课程</h2>
        <!--course_list是从后台获取，有多少条数据，就会渲染多少个子组件CourseView-->
        <div v-for="(course,i) in course_list" :key="course.name+i">
            <!--通过绑定属性的方式，将course传给属性course，在组件内部提高props=['course']拿到父组件的数据-->
            <CourseView :course="course"></CourseView>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import CourseView from "../components/CourseView";

    export default {
        name: "Course",
        data: function () {
            return {
                course_list: []
            }
        },
        components: {
            CourseView: CourseView,
        },
        mounted: function () {
            let _this = this;
            this.$ajax({
                method: 'get',
                url: this.$base_api + 'courses/',
            }).then(function (response) {
                _this.course_list = response.data.results
            })
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

components/CourseView.vue

<template>
    <div class="course-view">
        <div class="box">
            <h3 @click="goDetail(course.id)">{{course.name }}</h3>
            <p>{{ course.title }}</p>
        </div>
        <img @click="goDetail(course.id)" :src="$base_api + course.image" alt="">
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "CourseView",
        props: ['course'],
        methods: {
            goDetail: function (pk) {
                //前往详情页，在方法中，router如何完成路由的跳转
                this.$router.push('/course-detail');
                // 业务逻辑下，路由转跳携带参数
                this.$router.course_id = pk;
                window.console.log(pk)
            }
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .course-view {
        padding: 0 200px;
        margin: 25px 0;
    }

    .course-view .box {
        float: left;
        width: 380px;
    }

    .course-view img {
        width: 400px;
        float: left;
    }

    .course-view:after {
        display: block;
        clear: both;
        content: '';
    }
</style>

views/Course.vue/CourseDetail.vue

<template>
    <div class="course-detail">
        <h2>免费课程详情</h2>
        <p>{{ detail }}</p>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "CourseDetail",
        data: function () {
            return {
                detail: {},
            }
        },
        mounted: function () {
            let _this = this;
            this.$ajax({
                method: 'get',
                url: this.$base_api + 'course/' + this.$router.course_id + '/',
            }).then(function (response) {
                window.console.log(response);
                _this.detail = response.data.results;
            })
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

前后台登录认证

时区国际化settings.py

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = False

models.py

class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)


class UserToken(models.Model):
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    user = models.OneToOneField(to='User', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False)
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    failed_time = models.FloatField(default=10)

objectson.py

class UserJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.User
        fields = '__all__'

class UserTokenJson(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserToken
        fields = '__all__'

auth.py

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed

from api import models

class LoginAuthenticate(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.META.get('HTTP_TOKEN')
        result = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()  # type:models.UserToken
        if result:
            # 最近一次登录的时间
            before_time = result.update_time
            # 过期时长秒数
            failed_time = result.failed_time
            # 当你时间往前推演到过期的时长前的最后时刻
            import datetime
            time_difference = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=failed_time)
            import time
            #         存在时区问题，通过国际化解决
            before_time_stamp = time.mktime(before_time.timetuple())  # 拿到时间戳
            time_difference_stamp = time.mktime(time_difference.timetuple())
            if before_time_stamp >= time_difference_stamp:
                return result.user, token
            raise AuthenticationFailed('登录过期')
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')

前台安装操作cookie的模块

<template>
    <div class="login">
        <h2>登录页面</h2>
        <div class="form">
            <el-form :model="form"  label-width="100px">
                <el-form-item label="用户名">
                    <el-input v-model="form.username"></el-input>
                </el-form-item>
                <el-form-item label="密码">
                    <el-input type="password" v-model="form.password" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
                </el-form-item>
                <el-form-item>
                    <el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">登录</el-button>
                </el-form-item>
            </el-form>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "Login",
        data: function () {
            return {
                form: {
                    username: '',
                    password: '',
                }
            }
        },
        methods: {
            onSubmit() {
                // window.console.log('aaaa');
                let _this = this;
                this.$ajax({
                    method: 'post',
                    url: this.$base_api + 'login/',
                    data: {
                        username: this.form.username,
                        password: this.form.password
                    }
                }).then(function (response) {
                    window.console.log(response);
                    let token = response.data.token;
                    _this.$cookie.set('token', token);
                    _this.$router.push('/')
                })
            }
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

router.js

{
  path: '/login',
  name: 'login',
  component: () => import('./views/Login.vue')
        },